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A Novel Mouse Model for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
This study is aimed at developing a novel murine model suitable and relevant for evaluating injury patterns during CVST and studying its clinical aspects. CVST was achieved in C57BL/6J mice by autologous clot injection into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) combined with bilateral ligation of external jugular veins. Clot was preparedex vivo using thrombin before injection. On days 1 and 7 after CVST, SSS occlusion and associated-parenchymal lesions were monitored using different modalities:in vivo real-time intravital microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immuno-histology. In addition, mice were subjected to a ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Chronic Hydrocephalus and Perihematomal Tissue Injury Developed in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Ventricular Extension
Abstract Primary spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with secondary intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is an important clinical problem of which little is known. IVH and hydrocephalus are independent predictors of poor outcome in ICH. The aims of this study were, therefore, to establish a rat model of ICH with ventricular extension and investigate the occurrence of post-hemorrhagic chronic hydrocephalus and perihematomal tissue injury. Based on our previous rat model of IVH, we adjusted the injection coordinates and 200 μl autologous blood was stereotaxically infused into the right striatum (coordinates: 0...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 30, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Iron-Induced Necrotic Brain Cell Death in Rats with Different Aerobic Capacity
Abstract Brain iron overload has a key role in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Our recent study demonstrated that ICH-induced brain injury was greater in low capacity runner (LCR) than in high capacity runner (HCR) rats. The present study examines whether iron-induced brain injury differs between LCRs and HCRs. Adult male LCR and HCR rats had an intracaudate injection of iron or saline. Rats were euthanized at 2 and at 24 h after T2 magnetic resonance imaging, and the brains were used for immunostaining and Western blotting. LCRs had more hemispheric swelling, T2 lesion volumes, blood-brain bar...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 4, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Microglia Activation and Polarization After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice: the Role of Protease-Activated Receptor-1
In conclusion, these results suggest that polarized microglia occur dynamically after ICH and that PAR-1 plays a role in the microglia activation and polarization.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MRI Characterization in the Acute Phase of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
In conclusion, T2 lesion, WMI, and hydrocephalus were the most prevalent MRI characteristics 24 h after experimental SAH. The T2 lesion area matched with fibrinogen/fibrin positive staining in the acute phase of SAH. SAH induced more s evere brain injury in females compared to males in the acute phase of SAH.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 27, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Brain Ceruloplasmin Expression After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Protection Against Iron-Induced Brain Injury
This study had two parts: first, rats had injection of autologous blood into the right basal ganglia and the time course of CP expression in the brain examined (protein and mRNA). Second, rats had an injection of either Fe2+ in saline, Fe2+ plus CP in saline, or saline alone into the right basal ganglia. All rats in the second part had T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and behavioral tests before the brains were harvested for immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. We found that CP was expressed on neurons and astrocytes in both cortex and basal ganglia after ICH. The time course showed that ICH induced CP express...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intracerebral Hemorrhage –Induced Brain Injury in Rats: the Role of Extracellular Peroxiredoxin 2
AbstractRed blood cell (RBC) lysis within the hematoma causes brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage. Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRX-2) is the third most abundant protein in RBCs and this study examined the potential role of PRX-2 in inducing brain injury in rats. First, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats had an intracaudate injection of lysed RBCs or saline. Brains were harvested at 1  h to measure PRX-2 levels. Second, rats had an intracaudate injection of either recombinant PRX-2, heat-inactivated PRX-2, or saline. Third, rats had intracaudate co-injection of lysed RBCs with conoidin A, a PRX-2 inhibitor, or vehicle. For th...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 3, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

CD47 Blocking Antibody Accelerates Hematoma Clearance After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Aged Rats
This study expands those findings by examining the effects on a CD47 blocking antibody in aged rats. First, male Fischer 344 rats (18 months old) received an intracaudate injection of 50 μL auto logous whole blood or saline. Hematoma features of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurological deficits were evaluated within 3 days. Second, rats had an intracaudate co-injection of 50 μL autologous blood with either CD47 blocking antibody or IgG. MRI was used to quantify hematoma/iron vol ume, hemolysis, brain swelling, and atrophy at different time points, behavioral tests to assess neurological deficits, and immunoh...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Acute T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detectable Cerebral Thrombosis in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality, particularly within the first 72  h after aneurysm rupture. We recently found ultra-early cerebral thrombosis, detectable on T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a mouse SAH model at 4 h after onset. The current study examined whether such changes also occur in rat at 24 h after SAH, the vessels involved, whether the degree of thrombosis varied with SAH severity and brain injury, and if it differed between male and female rats. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to an endovascular perforation SAH model or sham...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Iron-Induced Hydrocephalus: the Role of Choroid Plexus Stromal Macrophages
In conclusion, stromal macrophages account for ~10% of all choroid plexus cells, with more in aged rats. Treatments targeting macrophages (minocycline and clodronate liposomes) are associated with reduced iron-induced hydrocephalus.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effects of New-Generation Antiepileptic Drug Prophylaxis on Delayed Neurovascular Events After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractNeuroelectric disruptions such as seizures and cortical spreading depolarization may contribute to the development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, effects of antiepileptic drug prophylaxis on outcomes remain controversial in SAH. The authors investigated if prophylactic administration of new-generation antiepileptic drugs levetiracetam and perampanel was beneficial against delayed neurovascular events after SAH. This was a retrospective single-center cohort study of 121 consecutive SAH patients including 56 patients of admission World Federation of Neurolo...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research