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Stroke: causes and clinical features
Stroke is a clinically defined syndrome of acute, focal neurological deficit attributed to vascular injury (infarction, haemorrhage) of the central nervous system. It is the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke is not a single disease but is caused by a wide range of risk factors, disease processes and mechanisms. Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor, although its contribution differs for different subtypes. Most (85%) strokes are ischaemic, predominantly caused by small vessel arteriolosclerosis, cardioembolism and large artery athero-thromboembolism.
Source: Medicine - July 25, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Stephen JX. Murphy, David J. Werring Tags: Acute neurology Source Type: research

Stroke: management and prevention
Acute stroke treatment requires clear protocols to rapidly triage patients – using appropriate investigations – for mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis. Computed tomography (CT) excludes haemorrhage, CT angiography locates the occluded vessel, and CT perfusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging identify viable tissue. An organized approach to str oke care in a specialist environment reduces disability and saves lives. Adoption of a ‘care bundle’ approach, including the active management of pyrexia and hyperglycaemia, and early screening for swallowing difficulties, is beneficial.
Source: Medicine - July 25, 2023 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Gina Hadley, Ivie I. Gbinigie, Joyce S. Balami, Alastair M. Buchan Tags: Acute neurology Source Type: research

Stroke in the acute setting
Acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are focal neurological syndromes of vascular origin and should be treated as medical emergencies. Brain imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is required to distinguish ischaemic stroke from intracerebral haemorrhage, recognize non-stroke pathologies that mimic stroke, and guide investigation into the underlying mechanism. Acute interventions of benefit in ischaemic stroke include intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase, endovascular thrombectomy, with imaging permitting treatment in a wider range of patients, stroke unit care, aspirin, and combinat...
Source: Medicine - January 27, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Keith W. Muir Tags: Acute medicine II Source Type: research

Stroke: causes and clinical features
Stroke is a clinically defined syndrome of acute, focal neurological deficit attributed to vascular injury (infarction, haemorrhage) of the central nervous system. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke is not a single disease but can be caused by a wide range of risk factors, disease processes and mechanisms. Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke, although its contribution differs for different subtypes. Most (85%) strokes are ischaemic, predominantly caused by small vessel arteriolosclerosis, cardioembolism and large artery athero-thromboembolism.
Source: Medicine - August 5, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Stephen JX. Murphy, David J. Werring Tags: Acute neurology Source Type: research

Stroke: management and prevention
Acute stroke treatment requires clear protocols to rapidly triage patients – using appropriate investigations – for endovascular thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis. Computed tomography (CT) excludes haemorrhage, CT angiography locates the occluded vessel, and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging identifies viable tissue. An organized approach to stroke care in a specialist environment reduces disability and saves lives. Adoption of a ‘care bundle’ approach including the active management of pyrexia and hyperglycaemia, and early screening for swallowing difficulties, is beneficial.
Source: Medicine - July 24, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Gina Hadley, Ivie I. Gbinigie, Alastair M. Buchan Tags: Acute neurology Source Type: research

Stroke in the acute setting
Acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are focal neurological syndromes of vascular origin and should be treated as medical emergencies. Brain imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is required to distinguish ischaemic stroke from intracerebral haemorrhage, recognize non-stroke pathologies that mimic stroke and guide investigation into the underlying mechanism. Acute interventions of benefit in ischaemic stroke include intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase given within 4.5 hours of onset, endovascular thrombectomy within 6 hours of onset in selected patients, stroke unit care and aspirin.
Source: Medicine - January 22, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Keith W. Muir Tags: Acute medicine II Source Type: research

Stroke: causes and clinical features
This article reviews risk factors for stroke, and the different pathologies that can cause stroke. Approximately 20% of strokes are due to cerebral haemorrhage, most of which is intracerebral, with a significant minority caused by subarachnoid haemorrhage. The remaining 80% are ischaemic, including large artery disease, cardioembolic and small vessel disease. Differentiation of cerebral ischaemia from haemorrhage is impossible without brain imaging.
Source: Medicine - July 28, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Hugh Markus Tags: Stroke Source Type: research