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Source: Translational Stroke Research
Condition: Ischemic Stroke
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Total 404 results found since Jan 2013.
Recurrent Transient Ischemic Attack Induces Neural Cytoskeleton Modification and Gliosis in an Experimental Model
AbstractTransient ischemic attack (TIA) presents a high risk for subsequent stroke, Alzheimer ’s disease (AD), and related dementia (ADRD). However, the neuropathophysiology of TIA has been rarely studied. By evaluating recurrent TIA-induced neuropathological changes, our study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the contribution of TIA to ADRD. In the current study, we es tablished a recurrent TIA model by three times 10-min middle cerebral artery occlusion within a week in rat. Neither permanent neurological deficit nor apoptosis was observed following recurrent TIA. No increase of AD-related biomarker...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Three Days Delayed Recanalization Improved Neurological Function in pMCAO Rats by Increasing M2 Microglia —Possible Involvement of the IL-4R/STAT6/PPARγ Pathway
AbstractCurrent approved therapies for acute ischemic stroke have a restricted therapeutic time window. Delayed recanalization, which has been utilized clinically in patients who have missed the time window for administration, may be a promising alternative for stroke patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain undiscovered. Herein, we hypothesized that delayed recanalization would increase M2 microglial polarization through the IL-4R (interleukin-4 receptor)/STAT6 (signal transducer and activators of transcription 6)/PPAR γ (peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ) pathway, subsequently promotin...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Genome-Wide Association Study of Intracranial Artery Stenosis Followed by Phenome-Wide Association Study
AbstractThe genetic background of intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS), a major cause of ischemic stroke, remains elusive. We performed the world ’s first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ICAS using DNA samples from Japanese subjects, to identify the genetic factors associated with ICAS and their correlation with clinical features. We also conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of the top variant identified via GWAS to d etermine its association with systemic disease. The GWAS involved 408 patients with ICAS and 349 healthy controls and utilized an Asian Screening Array of venous blood samples. The Phe...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Collateral Blood Flow and Ischemic Core Growth
AbstractTreatment of a large vessel occlusion in the acute ischemic stroke setting focuses on vessel recanalization, and endovascular thrombectomy results in favorable outcomes in appropriate candidates. Expeditious treatment is imperative, but patients often present to institutions that do not have neurointerventional surgeons and need to be transferred to a comprehensive stroke center. These treatment delays are common, and it is important to identify factors that mitigate the progression of the ischemic core in order to maximize the preservation of salvageable brain tissue. Collateral blood flow is the strongest factor ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
LncRNAs: Promising Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke
AbstractIschemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Currently, options for ischemic stroke clinical therapy remain limited to intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy, which can only be applied to a minority of patients due to narrow therapeutic time window. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers is of great significance for ischemic stroke therapy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the most extensive ncRNA transcripts and play critical roles in different kinds of diseases. Accumulative evidence suggests that lncRNAs are widely involved in multiple patho...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs): A New Therapeutic Target for Neuroinflammation and Microthrombosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?
AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a major role in intrinsic immunity by limiting and killing pathogens. Recently, a series of studies have confirmed that NETs are closely associated with vascular injury and microthrombosis. Furthermore, NETs play an important role in neuroinflammation after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Neuroinflammation and microthrombosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage are key pathophysiological processes associated with poor prognosis, but their crucial formation mechanisms and interventions remain to be elucidated. Could NETs, as an emerging and important pathogenesis, be a new thera...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Collateral Status and Outcomes after Thrombectomy
AbstractEndovascular treatment (EVT) using novel mechanical thrombectomy devices has been the gold standard for patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. Selection criteria of randomized control trials commonly include baseline infarct volume with or without penumbra evaluation. Although the collateral status has been studied and is known to modify imaging results and clinical course, it has not been commonly used for trials. Many post hoc studies, however, revealed that collateral status can help predict infarct growth, recanalization success, decreased hemorrhagic transformation after EVT, and...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Collateral Flow in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
AbstractIntracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a major cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) worldwide. The culprit of ICAD is frequently a high-grade intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) pertaining to the infarct territory, and by then, the ICAS is described as symptomatic. A high-grade ICAS may progressively limit cerebral perfusion downstream, demanding collateral compensation. Collateral circulation refers to the pre-existing and dynamic emergence of vascular channels that maintain and compensate for a failing principal vascular route. Collaterals through the Circle of Willis and ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Increased Number of Passes and Double Stent Retriever Technique Induces Cumulative Injury on Arterial Wall After Mechanical Thrombectomy in a Swine Model
AbstractThe number of stentriever passes during endovascular thrombectomy impacts clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Previous studies suggest that the simultaneous double stent retriever technique (DSRT) could improve the efficacy and reduce the number of passes. We aim to analyze the degree of vessel wall injury according to the number of passes and technique (single vs. simultaneous devices). Histological changes were evaluated in renal arteries (RAs) of swine models after thrombectomy (1, 2, or 3 passes) with single stent (SSRT) and DSRT. Thrombectomy passes were performed in 12 RA: 3 samples from each artery w...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Deep Learning-Based Automatic Collateral Assessment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
This study aimed to develop a supervised deep learning (DL) model for grading collateral status from dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance perfusion (DSC-MRP) images from patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and compare its performance against experts ’ manual grading. Among consecutive LVO-AIS at three medical center sites, DSC-MRP data were processed to generate collateral flow maps consisting of arterial, capillary, and venous phases. With the use of expert readings as a reference, a DL model was developed to analyze collateral status with o utput classified into good and...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Transplantation of Exercise-Induced Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Therapeutic Approach in Ischemic Stroke
AbstractClinical evidence affirms physical exercise is effective in preventive and rehabilitation approaches for ischemic stroke. This sustainable efficacy is independent of cardiovascular risk factors and associates substantial reprogramming in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). The intricate journey of pluripotent exercise-induced EVs from parental cells to the whole-body and infiltration to cerebrovascular entity offers several mechanisms to reduce stroke incidence and injury or accelerate the subsequent recovery. This review delineates the potential roles of EVs as prospective effectors of exercise. The candidat...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Unconventional Growth Factors Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor and Mesencephalic Astrocyte –Derived Neurotrophic Factor Promote Post-ischemic Neurological Recovery, Perilesional Brain Remodeling, and Lesion-Remote Axonal Plasticity
AbstractConsiderable efforts are currently made to develop strategies that boost endogenous recovery once a stroke has occurred. Owing to their restorative properties, neurotrophic factors are attractive candidates that capitalize on endogenous response mechanisms. Non-conventional growth factors cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) promote neuronal survival and reduce neurological deficits in the acute phase of ischemic stroke in mice. Their effects on endogenous repair and recovery mechanisms in the stroke recovery phase were so far unknown. By intrac...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Unpacking the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications
AbstractStroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction have been associated with brain injury and long-term disability after both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Recent studies have suggested a potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a link underlying these pathogenic processes. EVs are cell-derived particles enveloped by a lipid bilayer, containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. From a functional standpoint, EVs can facilitate intercellular communication, including across the blood –brain barrier (BBB). Recent advances in EV research have shown a ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Prourokinase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Phase IIa Randomized Clinical Trial
AbstractRecombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) is a novel thrombolytic that has been approved to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the safety and efficacy of intravenous rhPro-UK in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has not been well established. We aimed to investigate the safety and preliminary efficacy of rhPro-UK in patients with AIS in a multi-center phase IIa trial setting. One hundred nineteen patients within 4.5  h of AIS onset were enrolled in this randomized, open-label, 23-center phase IIa clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned to 35 mg (n = 40) or 50 mg (n =â...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Delayed Recanalization of Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Occlusion
AbstractPatients with medically refractory non-acute intracranial artery occlusion (ICAO) are difficult to treat. The optimal intervention for these patients is not known. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment for non-acute ICAO. Consecutive patients with symptomatic medically refractory atherosclerotic non-acute ICAO from January 2015 to July 2021 who underwent DCB treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The rates of stroke, transient ischemic attack, and death within 30 Â days and the follow-up results were evaluated. A total of 148 patients were enrolled in this study. The 30-da...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
