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Source: Translational Stroke Research
Condition: Ischemic Stroke
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Total 404 results found since Jan 2013.
Pre-existing Small Vessel Disease in Patients with Acute Stroke from the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Philippines
AbstractAsymptomatic small vessel disease (SVD), including white matter hyperintensities (WMHIs), periventricular hyperintensities (PVHIs), silent stroke (SS), and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), increases the risk of stroke. There are limited studies of SVD in subjects from the Middle East and Southeast Asia (SA). All patients admitted to stroke service between 2014 and 2015 were reviewed for presence of “pre-existing” SVD. Stroke mimics with no previous history of stroke were used as controls. There were 1727 patients admitted with stroke. Analysis was done on 988 subjects (914 strokes and 74 controls) who had MRI scan ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 3, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Getting Closer to an Effective Intervention of Ischemic Stroke: The Big Promise of Stem Cell
AbstractStem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has widely been explored. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies have immensely supported the judicious use of stem cells as therapy. These provide an attractive means for preserving and replacing the damaged brain tissues following an ischemic attack. Since the past few years, researchers have used various types of stem cells to replenish insulted neuronal and glial cells in neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss different types of stem cells employed for the treatment of ischemic stroke and mechanisms and challenges these cells face once introdu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 26, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Factors Mediating Outcome After Stroke: Gender, Thrombolysis, and Their Interaction
AbstractSeveral studies, but not all, have shown that women benefit more from intravenous thrombolysis than men; few have accounted for pre-stroke mobility. Our aim was to determine whether there was an interaction between gender and thrombolysis treatment in 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, after adjusting for pre-stroke mobility. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 1390 consecutive ischemic stroke patients admitted between October 2012 and July 2015. The 3-month mRS was obtained from clinic visits. Thrombolysis-by-gender interaction was evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses using ordinal ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inactivation of NSF ATPase Leads to Cathepsin B Release After Transient Cerebral Ischemia
This study is to investigate the cascade of events of NSF ATPase inactivation, resulting in a massive buildup of late endosomes (LEs) and fatal release of cathepsin B (CTSB) after transient cerebral ischemia using the 2-vessel occlusion with hypotension (2VO+Hypotension) global brain ischemia model. Rats were subjected to 20 min of transient cerebral ischemia followed by 0.5, 4, 24, and 72 h of reperfusion. Neuronal histopathology and ultrastructure were examined by the light and electron microscopy, respectively. Western blotting and confocal microscopy were utilized for analyzing the levels, redistribution, and co- lo...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Hippocampal Deformations and Entorhinal Cortex Atrophy as an Anatomical Signature of Long-Term Cognitive Impairment: from the MCAO Rat Model to the Stroke Patient
AbstractStroke patients have an elevated risk of developing long-term cognitive disorders or dementia. The latter is often associated with atrophy of the medial temporal lobe. However, it is not clear whether hippocampal and entorhinal cortex atrophy is the sole predictor of long-term post-stroke dementia. We hypothesized that hippocampal deformation (rather than atrophy) is a predictive marker of long-term post-stroke dementia on a rat model and tested this hypothesis in a prospective cohort of stroke patients.Male Wistar rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and assessed 6 months later. Nine...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 16, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Hi1a as a Novel Neuroprotective Agent for Ischemic Stroke by Inhibition of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a
AbstractStrokes are the second-leading cause of death worldwide, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying stroke-induced brain damage are still uncertain. The present therapy for acute ischemic stroke is limited to thrombolysis with the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). However, rtPA has a narrow therapeutic timeframe of 3 –4.5 h, and only approximately 5% of stroke patients can benefit from rtPA treatment. Neuroprotective agents, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, have shown great promise in preclinical studies. However, due to a limited therapeutic time window and/or intolerab...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Other Shared Brain Pathologies in Ischemic Stroke and Alzheimer ’s Disease
AbstractNewly emerged evidence reveals that ischemic stroke and Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) share pathophysiological changes in brain tissue including hypoperfusion, oxidative stress, immune exhaustion, and inflammation. A mechanistic link between hypoperfusion and amyloid β accumulation can lead to cell damage as well as to motor and cognitive deficits. This review will discuss decreased cerebral perfusion and other related pathophysiological changes common to both ischemic stroke and AD, such as vascular damages, cerebral blood flow alteration, abnormal expression of amyloid β and tau proteins, as well as behavioral an...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 2, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Proteinuria Predicts Resistance to Antiplatelet Therapy in Ischemic Stroke
AbstractThe occurrence of a stroke while on antiplatelet agents presents a therapeutic dilemma. One of the main causes for recurrent strokes is antiplatelet resistance more commonly known as high on treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR). Prior studies have established that proteinuria is associated with HTPR following myocardial infarction. Here, we investigated whether dipstick proteinuria correlates with HTPR in patients presenting with stroke. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 102 patients admitted for a recurrent ischemic stroke that had either a VerifyNow aspirin or VerifyNow clopidogrel laboratory test p...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 5, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Precision Medicine for Ischemic Stroke, Let Us Move Beyond Time Is Brain
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 29, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Protein Modifications with Ubiquitin as Response to Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
AbstractPost-translational protein modifications present an elegant and energy efficient way to dynamically reprogram cellular protein properties and functions in response to homeostatic imbalance. One such protein modification is the tagging of proteins with the small modifier ubiquitin that can have an impact on protein stability, localization, interaction dynamics, and function. Ubiquitination is vital to any eukaryotic cell under physiological conditions, but even more important under stress including oxidative, genotoxic, and heat stress, where ubiquitination levels are drastically increased. Elevated levels of ubiqui...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Beneficial Effects of Delayed P7C3-A20 Treatment After Transient MCAO in Rats
AbstractDespite ischemic stroke being the fifth leading cause of death in the USA, there are few therapeutic options available. We recently showed that the neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20 reduced brain atrophy, increased neurogenesis, and improved functional recovery when treatment was initiated immediately post-reperfusion after a 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In the present study, we investigated a more clinically relevant therapeutic window for P7C3-A20 treatment after ischemic stroke. MCAO rats were administered P7C3-A20 for 1 week, beginning immediately or at a delayed point, 6 h post-reperfusio...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Protective Effects of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells After Administering t-PA in an Embolic Stroke Model
AbstractTissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA-approved drug for acute ischemic stroke but poses risk for hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Cell therapy has been investigated as a potential therapy to improve recovery after stroke by the modulation of inflammatory responses and the improvement of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, both of which are associated with HT after t-PA. In our present study, we studied the effect of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) in an embolic stroke model. We administered MNCs in a rat embolic stroke 2 h after administering t-PA. We observed that even though autol...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 23, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Angiographic Microcirculatory Obstructions Distal to Occlusion Signify Poor Outcome after Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we retrospectively evaluated presence of contrast stasis and absence of capillary blush on angiograms obtained by selective injections into the distal site of occlusive thrombi, prior to deployment of stentrievers, in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute MCA occlusion. The role of this novel angiographic strategy assessing distal antegrade flow in predicting procedural and clinical outcome was compared to previously defined, prognostic angiographic characteristics. A total of 7 (21%) out of 34 patients had contrast stasis and lack of capillary blush downstream to the injection site. None of t...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 19, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chronic Remote Ischemic Conditioning Is Cerebroprotective and Induces Vascular Remodeling in a VCID Model
AbstractVascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) make up 50% of the cases of dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chronic remote ischemic conditioning (C-RIC) on improving long-term (6 months) outcomes and cerebral blood flow (CBF) and collateral formation in a mouse model of VCID. Adult C57BL/6J male mice (10 weeks) were randomly assigned to four different groups: (1) sham-bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), (2) BCAS + sham RIC, (3) BCAS+C-RIC for 1 month (1MO), and (4) BCAS+C-RIC-4 months (4MO). CBF, cognitive impairment, and functional outcomes were perf...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 28, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Novel Regenerative Therapies Based on Regionally Induced Multipotent Stem Cells in Post-Stroke Brains: Their Origin, Characterization, and Perspective
AbstractBrain injuries such as ischemic stroke cause severe neural loss. Until recently, it was believed that post-ischemic areas mainly contain necrotic tissue and inflammatory cells. However, using a mouse model of cerebral infarction, we demonstrated that stem cells develop within ischemic areas. Ischemia-induced stem cells can function as neural progenitors; thus, we initially named them injury/ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNSPCs). However, because they differentiate into more than neural lineages, we now refer to them as ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs). Very recently, we showed that pu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
