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Source: Translational Stroke Research
Condition: Ischemic Stroke
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Total 404 results found since Jan 2013.
Increased Renal Dysfunction, Apoptosis, and Fibrogenesis Through Sympathetic Hyperactivity After Focal Cerebral Infarction
In this study, we investigated whether sympathetic hyperactivity can cause the development of renal dysfunction, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis after focal cerebral infarction. To determine the renal consequences of focal cerebral ischemia, we subjected a mice model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and examined systolic blood pressure, heart rate, renal structure and function, serum catecholamine, and cortisol levels, and the expression of active caspase-3 bcl-2, bax, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK after 8 weeks. We also analyzed the relationship between insular cortex infarction and acute kidney injury (AKI...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Novel Mouse Model for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
This study is aimed at developing a novel murine model suitable and relevant for evaluating injury patterns during CVST and studying its clinical aspects. CVST was achieved in C57BL/6J mice by autologous clot injection into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) combined with bilateral ligation of external jugular veins. Clot was preparedex vivo using thrombin before injection. On days 1 and 7 after CVST, SSS occlusion and associated-parenchymal lesions were monitored using different modalities:in vivo real-time intravital microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immuno-histology. In addition, mice were subjected to a ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer: a Therapeutic Approach for Ischemic Stroke
AbstractStroke is the leading cause of death and adult disability worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of stroke-induced neuronal death, and maintaining mitochondrial function is essential in cell survival and neurological progress following ischemic stroke. Stem cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer represents an emerging therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. Accumulating evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can directly transfer healthy mitochondria to damaged cells, and rescue mitochondrial damage-provoked tissue degeneration. This review summarizes the research on MSCs-mediate...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous rtPA in Ischemic Strokes Due to Small-Vessel Occlusion: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractIntravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (iv-rtPA) has been routinely used to treat ischemic stroke for 25 years, following large clinical trials. However, there are few prospective studies on the efficacy and safety of this therapy in strokes attributed to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We evaluated functional outcome (modified Rankin scale, mRS) and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) u sing all available data on the effects of iv-rtPA in SVD-related ischemic stroke (defined either using neuroimaging, clinical features, or both). Using fixed-effect and random-effects models, we calcula...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Key Regulator of Necroptosis, RIP1 Kinase, Contributes to the Formation of Astrogliosis and Glial Scar in Ischemic Stroke
AbstractNecroptosis initiation relies on the receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1K). We recently reported that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of RIP1K produces protection against ischemic stroke-induced astrocytic injury. However, the role of RIP1K in ischemic stroke-induced formation of astrogliosis and glial scar remains unknown. Here, in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat model and an oxygen and glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/Re)-induced astrocytic injury model, we show that RIP1K was significantly elevated in the reactive astrocytes. Knockdown of RIP1K or delayed adminis...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Associated with First-Time Ischemic Stroke in Non-surgical Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis During Clopidogrel Therapy
This study measures effect ofCYP2C19 genotype on ischemic stroke risk during clopidogrel therapy for asymptomatic, extracranial carotid stenosis patients. Using deidentified electronic health records, patients were selected for retrospective cohort using administrative code for carotid stenosis, availability ofCYP2C19 genotype result, clopidogrel exposure, and established patient care. Patients with intracranial atherosclerosis, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, prior ischemic stroke, or observation time<1 month were excluded. Dual antiplatelet therapy patients were included. Patients with carotid endarterectomy or ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Short-term glycemic variability and hemorrhagic transformation after successful endovascular thrombectomy
ConclusionsTime-related GV during the first 36 h after successful ERT has a stronger correlation with sICH and poor functional outcomes compared to any GV parameters. This suggests that maintaining stable glucose may be an important factor in the prevention of sICH after undergoing successful ERT.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibition of Dectin-1 Ameliorates Neuroinflammation by Regulating Microglia/Macrophage Phenotype After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice
In conclusion, our data suggest that Dectin-1 is involved in the microglia/macrophage polarization and functional recovery after ICH, and that this mechanism, at least in part, may contribute to the involvement of the Syk/Car d9/NF-kB pathway.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Nonagenarians: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current literature on mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in nonagenarians and to provide updated clinical evidence of its feasibility, effectiveness, and safety in nonagenarians. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials and observational studies that reported the clinical outcomes of nonagenarians with acute ischemic stroke after undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Risk of bias was assessed using different scales.I2 statistic was used to evaluate the heterogeneity of the results, while m...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Immune Cell Infiltration into the Brain After Ischemic Stroke in Humans Compared to Mice and Rats: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractAlthough several studies have suggested that anti-inflammatory strategies reduce secondary infarct growth in animal stroke models, clinical studies have not yet demonstrated a clear benefit of immune modulation in patients. Potential reasons include systematic differences of post-ischemic neuroinflammation between humans and rodents. We here performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize and compare the spatial and temporal distribution of immune cell infiltration in human and rodent stroke. Data on spatiotemporal distribution of immune cells (T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils) and infarct volume ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
TRPM7 Mediates Neuronal Cell Death Upstream of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II and Calcineurin Mechanism in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
In this study, we employed a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemic brain cell death which mimics the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). HIE is a major public health issue and an important cause of neonatal deaths worldwide; however, the available treatments for HIE remain limited. Its survivors face life-long neurological challenges including mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and seizure disorders, motor impairments, and visual and auditory impairments. Through a proteomic analysis, we identified calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and phosphatase calcineurin as potential med...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Combined Perfusion and Permeability Imaging Reveals Different Pathophysiologic Tissue Responses After Successful Thrombectomy
AbstractDespite successful recanalization of large-vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke, individual patients profit to a varying degree. Dynamic susceptibility-weighted perfusion and dynamic T1-weighted contrast-enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability imaging may help to determine secondary stroke injury and predict clinical outcome. We prospectively performed perfusion and permeability imaging in 38 patients within 24 h after successful mechanical thrombectomy of an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery M1 segment. Perfusion alterations were evaluated on cerebral blood flow maps, blood-brain barrier disruption...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Attenuation of the Induction of TLRs 2 and 4 Mitigates Inflammation and Promotes Neurological Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia
In this study, we further examined the effect of unsuppressed induction of TLRs 2 and 4 on the expression of its downstream signaling molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines 1 week after reperfusion. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous knockdown of TLRs 2 and 4 on M1/M2 microglial polarization dynamics and post-stroke neurological deficits and the recovery. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in young adult male Spra gue-Dawley rats by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) procedure using a monofilament suture. Appropriate cohorts of rats were treated with a na...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Treatment with Atorvastatin During Vascular Remodeling Promotes Pericyte-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Maturation Following Ischemic Stroke
This study examined our hypothesis that, during vascular remodeling after stroke, treatment with atorvastatin could facilitate BBB maturation in remodeling vasculature in ischemic brain. Adult spontaneously hypertensive rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion (MCAO/RP). Atorvastatin, at dose of 3 mg/kg, was delivered daily starting at 14 days after MCAO/RP onset for 7 days. The rats were studied at multiple time points up to 8 weeks with multimodal-MRI, behavior tests, immunohistochemistry, and biochemistry. The delayed treatment of atorvastatin significantly reduced infarct size and BBB perme...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroprotection by Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Rodent Models of Focal Ischemia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractRemote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a promising neuroprotective therapy for ischemic stroke. Preclinical studies investigating RIC have shown RIC reduced infarct volume, but clinical trials have been equivocal. Therefore, the efficacy of RIC in reducing infarct volume and quality of current literature needs to be evaluated to identify knowledge gaps to support future clinical trials. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical literature involving RIC in rodent models of focal ischemia. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019145441). Eligibility criteria included rat or mice model...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
