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The Diabetes-Cardiovascular Connection in Women: Understanding the Known Risks, Outcomes, and Implications for Care
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCardiovascular disease (CVD) complications constitute about 50 –70% of mortality in people with diabetes. However, there remains a persistently greater relative increase in CVD morbidity and mortality in women with diabetes than in their male counterparts. This review presents recent evidence for the risks, outcomes, and management implications for women with diabetes.Recent FindingsCompared to men, women have higher BMI and more adverse cardiovascular risk profile at time of diabetes diagnosis with greater risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, vascular dementia, and heart failure. Pregnancy-s...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 14, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Lowering Targeted Atherogenic Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goals for Patients at “Extreme” ASCVD Risk
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review randomized interventional clinical and imaging trials that support lower targeted atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol goals in “extreme” and “very high” atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk settings. Major atherosclerotic cardiovascular event (MACE) prevention among the highest risk patients with ASCVD requires aggressive management of global risks, including lowering of the fundamental atherogenic ap olipoprotein B-associated lipoprotein cholesterol particles [i.e., triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnant cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and ...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - November 20, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Extreme Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk Recognition
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo distinguish extreme and very high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event risk based on prospective epidemiological studies and clinical trial results.Recent FindingsClinical practice guidelines have categorized patients with either a history of one or more “clinical ASCVD” events or “coronary heart disease (CHD) risk equivalency” to be at “very high risk” for a recurrence or a first event, respectively. A 20% or greater 10-year ASCVD risk for a composite 3-point “major” atherosclerotic cardiovascular event (MACE) of non-fatal myocardia l infarction (MI), non-fatal s...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - July 21, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The Impact of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity on Cardiovascular Risk in Adulthood: a Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAdult obesity and cardiovascular diseases are closely linked. Yet, the relationship of childhood and adolescent obesities with cardiovascular diseases in adulthood requires additional evidence. The goal of the review is to inspect the relationship between childhood- and adolescent-increased body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular risk factors, fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.Recent FindingsCardiovascular diseases in adulthood are linked by most of the studies to childhood and adolescent obesities.SummaryStudies showed that childhood and adolescent obesities increased the i...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - August 30, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Imaging Atherosclerosis in Diabetes: Current State
AbstractCardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, are the primary causes of mortality in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Affected patients frequently have asymptomatic coronary artery disease. Studies have shown heterogeneity in cardiovascular risk among patients with diabetes. Imaging can help categorize risk of future cardiovascular events by identifying those patients with atherosclerosis, rather than relying on risk prediction based on population-based studies. In this article, we will review the evidence regarding use of atherosclerosis imaging in patients with diabetes to predict risk of cor...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - September 22, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Post–Gastric Bypass Hypoglycemia
Abstract Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. Obesity-related illnesses, such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, sleep apnea, and several forms of cancer (endometrial, breast, and colon), contribute to a significant number of deaths in the USA. Bariatric surgery, including the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) procedure, has demonstrated significant improvements in obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities and is becoming more popular as the number of obese individuals rises. Despite the reported benefits of bariatric surgery, there are potential complica...
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - February 11, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Sex-Specific Differential in Risk of Diabetes-Related Macrovascular Outcomes
In conclusion, diabetes is associated with a slightly higher risk of cardiovascular disease in women compared to men. Future studies should further explore the reasons underlying imperfect use of medications that lower cardiovascular risk in both women and men with diabetes.
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - September 14, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research