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Hypertension in pregnancy and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a prospective study in a large UK cohort
We examined the prospective relation between a history of hypertension during pregnancy and coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in middle-aged UK women.Methods: In 1996 –2001, 1.1 million parous women (mean age=56years) without vascular disease at baseline reported their history of hypertension during pregnancy and other factors.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - July 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dexter Canoy, Benjamin J. Cairns, Angela Balkwill, F. Lucy Wright, Asma Khalil, Valerie Beral, Jane Green, Gillian Reeves, Million Women Study Collaborators Source Type: research

Association between mortality and incidence rates of coronary heart disease and stroke: The Japan Public Health Center-based prospective (JPHC) study
It is essential to have information on incidence rates to estimate the burden of cardiovascular diseases; however, it is not clear whether mortality measurements are eligible for incidence estimations.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - July 29, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Isao Saito, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Hiroyasu Iso, Norie Sawada, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane Source Type: research

Coronary heart disease differences in Eastern versus Western Europe: a demanding situation
There are more than 4 million cardiovascular disease (CVD) related deaths each year in Europe, thus representing the main cause of deaths (47% of total: 52% of deaths in women and 42% in men). Notably, the main forms of CVD are coronary heart disease (CHD: about half of all CVD) and stroke (about 1/4 in men and 1/3 in women). If one considers geographic distribution of CVD deaths, CVD is the main cause of death for women in all countries of Europe for which we have mortality data and it is the main cause of death for men in all but 6 of these countries (exceptions are France, Israel, the Netherlands, San Marino, Slovenia and Spain).
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - June 27, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Paolo Emilio Puddu, Alessandro Menotti Source Type: research

Coronary heart disease differences in Eastern versus Western Europe: A demanding situation
There are more than 4 million cardiovascular disease (CVD) related deaths each year in Europe, thus representing the main cause of deaths (47% of total: 52% of deaths in women and 42% in men). Notably, the main forms of CVD are coronary heart disease (CHD: about half of all CVD) and stroke (about 1/4 in men and 1/3 in women). If one considers geographic distribution of CVD deaths, CVD is the main cause of death for women in all countries of Europe for which we have mortality data and it is the main cause of death for men in all but 6 of these countries (exceptions are France, Israel, the Netherlands, San Marino, Slovenia and Spain).
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - June 27, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Paolo Emilio Puddu, Alessandro Menotti Source Type: research

The role of neuropeptide Y in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
With average life expectancy rising greatly, the incidence rate of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has significantly increased. The heart disease has now become the number one killer that threatens the global population health, the second is stroke. It will be of great significance to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ASCVD in order to promote illicit prevention and treatment. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) has now been discovered for more than thirty years and is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - June 24, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ping Zhu, Weiwei Sun, Chenliang Zhang, Zhiyuan Song, Shu Lin Tags: Review Source Type: research

What is the association of lipid levels and incident stroke?
The association between lipid levels and stroke rates is less than lipid levels and coronary heart disease (CHD)ObjectiveTo assess if there are geographic, racial, and ethnic differences in total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and triglyceride levels with incident stroke.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - June 22, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Stephen P. Glasser, Aleena Mosher, George Howard, Maciej Banach, Aleena Mosher Source Type: research

Stroke symptoms and risk for incident coronary heart disease in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Many adults without cerebrovascular disease report a history of stroke symptoms, which is associated with higher risk for stroke. Because stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) share many risk factors, we examined the association between a history of stroke symptoms and incident CHD.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - June 12, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lisandro D. Colantonio, Christopher M. Gamboa, Dawn O. Kleindorfer, April P. Carson, Virginia J. Howard, Paul Muntner, Mary Cushman, George Howard, Monika M. Safford Source Type: research

Predictive value of circulating fibroblast growth factor-23 on atrial fibrillation: A Meta-analysis
Atrial fibrillation, which can result in stroke and thromboembolism in an approximately 5-fold increased risk, has been a growing burden to health care system with the aging of the population [1,2]. Traditional risk factors for AF have been attributed primarily to hypertension [3], coronary artery disease, heart failure [4,5], valvular heart disease, diabetes mellitus [6,7] and chronic kidney disease [8,9]. However, those risk factors only partly explain the incident and prevalent atrial fibrillation, further identification of novel, modifiable risk factors is eagerly pursued.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - February 18, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lei Meng, Yajuan Yang, Zhiwei Zhang, Guangping Li, Tong Liu Source Type: research

Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K Antagonist oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are approved for prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). These agents are as effective as warfarin and are associated with less intracranial bleeding and may be preferable for many patients with NVAF [1]. However, the term non-valvular AF remains a source of confusion because clinical trials and guidelines have adopted variable definitions.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - February 2, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Peter A. Noseworthy, Xiaoxi Yao, Nilay D. Shah, Bernard J. Gersh Source Type: research

Healthy lifestyle factors and incident heart disease and mortality in candidates for primary prevention with statin therapy
There are limited data on the use of healthy lifestyles among adults who are candidates for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with statin therapy due to a 10-year predicted risk ≥7.5%. We determined the prevalence of healthy lifestyle factors and their association with incident ASCVD and all-cause mortality in the Reason for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study participants (n=5709).
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - January 6, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: John N. Booth III, Lisandro D. Colantonio, George Howard, Monika Safford, Maciej Banach, Kristi Reynolds, Mary Cushman, Paul Muntner Source Type: research

Karoshi: An international work-related hazard?
With interest, I read the article by Kivimäki and colleagues, which was a meta-analysis of long working hours and risk of cardiovascular disease among 603,838 men and women from 24 cohorts in Europe, the United States, and Australia. They found that long working hours are a significant risk factor for stroke, with an obvious dose–response relationship, while the association between long working hours and coronary heart disease is weaker [1]. In their article, Kivimäki and colleagues explained that “Sudden death from overwork is often caused by stroke and is believed to result from a repetitive triggering of the stress response”.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - January 5, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jian Li Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Targeting histamine-2 receptor for prevention of cardiac remodelling in chronic pressure overload
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an adaptive outcome secondary to chronic untreated hypertension (HTN). It is hallmarked by reactivation of foetal genes, increased myocyte mass and augmented extracellular matrix deposition. LVH leads to diastolic dysfunction and is considered to increase the risk of cardiovascular conditions like coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure and sudden cardiac death [1,2]. Normalisation of blood pressure alone does not prevent progressive cardiac remodelling.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - October 6, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ajay Godwin Potnuri, Lingesh Allakonda, Arulvelan Appavoo, Sherin Saheera, Renuka R. Nair Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

High dose atorvastatin therapy yields a better carotid atherosclerosis improvement in Chinese patients
Statins is one of key components in the cocktail of medications for the treatment of patients with atherosclerosis and have proved to reduce vascular events significantly in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the past decades [1–3]. As the most widely used statins, the effectiveness of atorvastatin in lowering LDL-C has been demonstrated in several trials [4,5]. Plasma LDL-C levels and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) have been proved associated with incidence of stroke [6].
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - March 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yafeng Li, Shoucui Gao, Yingfeng An, Enqi Liu, Sihai Zhao Source Type: research

Association between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Atrial Fibrillation
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio(NLR) is a ratio of subtypes of leukocyte and has been attracting attention as a significant biomarker of systemic inflammation [1]. Inflammation has a significant role in atherosclerosis [2]. NLR has been shown to be related to adverse outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) [3–9] and can independently predict mortality of CHD in an asymptomatic population [9]. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias and increases the risk of stroke and death.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - March 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Zhao Li, Lijun Cui, Junwei Ma, Xianghong Ma, Guangping Li Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

A Comparison of Stroke and Coronary Risks in Chinese and American
The Chinese multi-provincial cohort study shows that the Framingham coronary risk prediction model systematically overestimates Chinese risk by more than two times, which means that, when at the same levels of traditional risk factors, coronary risk is much higher in American than Chinese [1]. Unlike American, stroke is much more prevalent than coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese [2]. In order to test whether cardiovascular risk (stroke risk plus CHD risk) was also lower in Chinese than American, this study compared Chinese and American cardiovascular risks.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - February 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mengya Li, Zhenlu Zhang, Youping Chen Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

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