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Letter to the Editor: Pneumocephalus: Is the needle size significant?
Discussion. Pneumocephalus is defined by two mechanisms: a ball-valve and an inverted bottle concept.1 The ball-valve type implies positive pressure events, such as coughing or valsalva maneuvers, that prevent air escape. Tension pneumocephalus is included in this mechanism, causing a parenchymal mass effect. The inverted bottle theory includes a negative intracranial pressure gradient following cerebrospinal fluid drainage, relieved by air influx. A small pneumocephalus is usually sealed by blood clots or granulation, allowing spontaneous reabsorption and resolution.[1] Otherwise, the lateral positioning of a patient duri...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - February 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools CNS Infections Current Issue Letters to the Editor Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Neurology Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury epidural needle size Pneumocephalus spinal tap Source Type: research

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions
Conclusion In closing, our patient’s episode of TGA combined with her emotional and perceptual response lends credence to the proposal of a “fear/paranoia” circuit in the genesis of paranoid delusions—a circuit incorporating amygdala, frontal, and parietal cortices. Here, neutral or irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and percepts come to engender fear and anxiety, while dysfunction in frontoparietal circuitry engenders inappropriate social predictions and maladaptive inferences about the intentions of others.[54] Hippocampus relays information about contextual information based on past experiences and the current situat...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Cognition Current Issue Dementia Medical Issues Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Psychiatry Schizophrenia delusions hippocampus neurobiology Transient global amnesia Source Type: research