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Direct AT2R Stimulation Slows Post-stroke Cognitive Decline in the 5XFAD Alzheimer ’s Disease Mice
AbstractAlzheimer ’s disease (AD), currently the single leading cause of death still on the rise, almost always coexists alongside vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). In fact, the ischemic disease affects up to 90% of AD patients, with strokes and major infarctions representing over a third of vascular lesions. St udies also confirmed that amyloid plaques, typical of AD, are much more likely to cause dementia if strokes or cerebrovascular damage also exist, leading to the term “mixed pathology” cognitive impairment. Although its incidence is expected to grow, there are no satisfactory treatments. There is hence an u...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effects of Antimalarial Drugs on Neuroinflammation-Potential Use for Treatment of COVID-19-Related Neurologic Complications
AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 virus that is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects not only peripheral organs such as the lungs and blood vessels, but also the central nervous system (CNS) —as seen by effects on smell, taste, seizures, stroke, neuropathological findings and possibly, loss of control of respiration resulting in silent hypoxemia. COVID-19 induces an inflammatory response and, in severe cases, a cytokine storm that can damage the CNS. Antimalarials have unique properti es that distinguish them from other anti-inflammatory drugs. (A) They are very lipophilic, which enhances their ability to cross ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 27, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Dissecting the Contribution of Vascular Alterations and Aging to Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline that afflicts as many as 45 % of individuals who survive past the age of 85. AD has been associated with neurovascular dysfunction and brain accumulation of amyloid-β peptide, as well as tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration, but the pathogenesis of the disease is still somewhat unclear. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD, accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregates initiates a sequence of events leading to neuronal injury and loss, and dementia. Alternatively, the vascular hypothesis ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Erythropoietin Rescues Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion via the EPO-R/JAK2/STAT5/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β Pathway
AbstractVascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia in older people and is characterized by the sudden onset of impairments in thinking skills and behavior, which generally occur following a stroke. Unfortunately, effective therapy for vascular dementia remains inadequate. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. Recently, a prominent role for EPO has been defined in the nervous system, and there is growing interest in the potential therapeutic use of EPO for neuroprotection. However, whether it is protective from memory impairments and the...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 9, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review
This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of brain PBM therapy.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

COVID-19 Infection and Circulating Microparticles —Reviewing Evidence as Microthrombogenic Risk Factor for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the global society in numerous unprecedented ways, with considerable morbidity and mortality. Both direct and indirect consequences from COVID-19 infection are recognized to give rise to cardio- and cerebrovascular complications. Despite current limited knowledge on COVID-19 pathogenesis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy appear to play critical roles in COVID-19-associated cerebrovascular disease (CVD). One of the major subtypes of CVD is cerebral small vessel disease (C...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research