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Source: Frontiers in Immunology
Condition: Autoimmune Disease
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Total 41 results found since Jan 2013.
Case Report: A novel IRF2BP2 mutation in an IEI patient with recurrent infections and autoimmune disorders
ConclusionWe identified a novel IRF2BP2 mutation in a family with a member diagnosed with IEI. Immune monitoring and WGS as auxiliary tests are helpful in identifying genetic defects and assisting diagnosis in patients with clinically highly suspected immune abnormalities and deficiencies in inflammation regulation. In addition, mNGS techniques allow a more comprehensive assessment of the pathogenic characteristics of these patients. This report further validates the association of IRF2BP2 deficiency and IEI, and expands IEI phenotypes.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 7, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The role of PD-1 signaling in health and immune-related diseases
Programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligands constitute an inhibitory pathway to mediate the mechanism of immune tolerance and provide immune homeostasis. Significantly, the binding partners of PD-1 and its associated ligands are diverse, which facilitates immunosuppression in cooperation with other immune checkpoint proteins. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important immunosuppressive role of the PD-1 axis in the tumor microenvironment and in autoimmune diseases. In addition, PD-1 blockades have been approved to treat various cancers, including solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Here, we pr...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 16, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Current research into A20 mediation of allergic respiratory diseases and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic target
Allergic airway diseases are characterized by excessive and prolonged type 2 immune responses to inhaled allergens. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a master regulator of the immune and inflammatory response, which has been implicated to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases. The potent anti-inflammatory protein A20, termed tumor necrosis factor-α-inducible protein 3 (TNFAIP3), exerts its effects by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. The ubiquitin editing abilities of A20 have attracted much attention, resulting in its identification as a susceptibility gene in various autoimmune and inflammatory d...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Molecular Mechanisms Driving IL-10- Producing B Cells Functions: STAT3 and c-MAF as Underestimated Central Key Regulators?
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been highlighted in very different pathology settings including autoimmune diseases, allergy, graft rejection, and cancer. Improving tools for the characterization of Bregs has become the main objective especially in humans. Transitional, mature B cells and plasma cells can differentiate into IL-10 producing Bregs in both mice and humans, suggesting that Bregs are not derived from unique precursors but may arise from different competent progenitors at unrestricted development stages. Moreover, in addition to IL-10 production, regulatory B cells used a broad range of suppressing mechanisms to...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 10, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
IL-21 Rescues the Defect of IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cells and Improves Allergic Asthma in DOCK8 Deficient Mice
Mutations in human DOCK8 cause a combined immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by allergic diseases such as asthma and food allergy. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Regulatory B (Breg) cells that produce IL-10 exert potent immunosuppressive functions in patients with allergic and autoimmune disorders. DOCK8-deficient B cells show diminished responses to TLR9 signaling, suggesting a possible defect in IL-10-producing Breg cells in those with DOCK8 deficiency, which may contribute to allergies. Here, we isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from DOCK8-deficient patients and generated a Dock8 KO mouse m...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 15, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Systemic Sclerosis in Zimbabwe: Autoantibody Biomarkers, Clinical, and Laboratory Correlates
ConclusionThe expression of SSc specific autoantibodies is common and associated with known SSc symptoms. The types and frequency of autoantibodies varied with racial groupings. A fifth of the patients were children below the age of 16 years.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 9, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Antigen-Specific Treg Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes – Challenges and Opportunities
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key mediators of peripheral self-tolerance and alterations in their frequencies, stability, and function have been linked to autoimmunity. The antigen-specific induction of Tregs is a long-envisioned goal for the treatment of autoimmune diseases given reduced side effects compared to general immunosuppressive therapies. However, the translation of antigen-specific Treg inducing therapies for the treatment or prevention of autoimmune diseases into the clinic remains challenging. In this mini review, we will discuss promising results for antigen-specific Treg therapies in allergy and specific c...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 22, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Schistosome Infection and Schistosome-Derived Products as Modulators for the Prevention and Alleviation of Immunological Disorders
Parasitic helminths, comprising the flatworms (tapeworms and flukes) and nematodes (roundworms), have plagued humans persistently over a considerable period of time. It is now known that the degree of exposure to these and other pathogens inversely correlates with the incidence of both T helper 1 (Th1)-mediated autoimmunity and Th2-mediated allergy. Accordingly, there has been recent increased interest in utilizing active helminth worm infections and helminth-derived products for the treatment of human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and to alleviate disease severity. Indeed, there is an accumulating list of novel hel...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 22, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Regulatory T Cell Heterogeneity in the Thymus: Impact on Their Functional Activities
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) maintain the integrity of the organism by preventing excessive immune responses. These cells protect against autoimmune diseases but are also important regulators of other immune responses including inflammation, allergy, infection, and tumors. Furthermore, they exert non-immune functions such as tissue repair and regeneration. In the periphery, Foxp3+ Treg have emerged as a highly heterogeneous cell population with distinct molecular and functional properties. Foxp3+ Treg mainly develop within the thymus where they receive instructive signals for their differentiation. Recent studies have ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 11, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Methods to Detect MHC-Specific IgE in Mice and Men
Humoral immunity is a major barrier limiting long-term outcome after organ transplantation. Especially, the production of antibodies directed against donor HLA/MHC antigens (i.e. donor-specific antibodies (DSA)) leading to antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is considered to be a major factor negatively affecting allograft survival. DSAs of the IgG isotype are routinely measured in transplant patients. However, not all patients diagnosed with IgG-DSA develop ABMR events. Therefore, research in better understanding the mechanisms of ABMR is of great importance. We recently demonstrated the production of MHC-specific IgE upon...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 8, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Immune Monitoring of Patients With Primary Immune Regulation Disorders Unravels Higher Frequencies of Follicular T Cells With Different Profiles That Associate With Alterations in B Cell Subsets
Primary immune regulation disorders lead to autoimmunity, allergy and inflammatory conditions due to defects in the immune homeostasis affecting different T, B and NK cell subsets. To improve our understanding of these conditions, in this work we analyzed the T and B cell compartments of 15 PID patients with dysregulation, including 3 patients with STAT1 GOF mutation, 7 patients with CVID with dysregulation, 3 patients with mutations in CTLA4, 1 patient with CD25 mutation and 1 patient with STAT5b mutation and compared them with healthy donors and with CVID patients without dysregulation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the pat...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - October 29, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Probiotics in Medicine: A Long Debate
During the last years probiotics gained the attention of clinicians for their use in the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases. Probiotics main mechanisms of action include enhanced mucosal barrier function, direct antagonism with pathogens, inhibition of bacterial adherence and invasion capacity in the intestinal epithelium, boosting of the immune system and regulation of the central nervous system. It is accepted that there is a mutual communication between the gut microbiota and the liver, the so-called “microbiota-gut-liver axis” as well as a reciprocal communication between the intestinal microbiota and th...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 24, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Microbial SCFAs on Intestinal Tolerance and Food Allergy
A body of evidence suggests that food allergy (FA) has increased in prevalence over the past few decades. Novel findings support the hypothesis that some commensal bacteria and particularly microbial metabolites might contribute to development of oral tolerance and prevention from FA. Recently, beneficial effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main class of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, on FA have been proposed. The intestinal SCFAs are major end products during bacterial fermentation of complex and non-digestible carbohydrates such as dietary fiber. The multifaceted mechanisms underlying beneficial effects ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 15, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Training the Fetal Immune System Through Maternal Inflammation —A Layered Hygiene Hypothesis
Over the last century, the alarming surge in allergy and autoimmune disease has led to the hypothesis that decreasing exposure to microbes, which has accompanied industrialization and modern life in the Western world, has fundamentally altered the immune response. In its current iteration, the “hygiene hypothesis” suggests that reduced microbial exposures during early life restricts the production and differentiation of immune cells suited for immune regulation. Although it is now well-appreciated that the increase in hypersensitivity disorders represents a “perfect storm” of many contributing factors, we argue her...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 10, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Autoimmunity and Allergy: Immune Complexes at Work
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been initially described as main actors in host defense owing to their ability to immobilize and sometimes kill microorganisms. Subsequent studies have demonstrated their implication in the pathophysiology of various diseases, due to the toxic effects of their main components on surrounding tissues. Several distinct NETosis pathways have been described in response to various triggers. Among these triggers, IgG immune complexes (IC) play an important role since they induce robust NET release upon binding to activating FcγRs on neutrophils. Few in vitro studies have documented the ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
