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Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology
Condition: Autoimmune Disease
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Total 177 results found since Jan 2013.
Shared Pathogenicity Features and Sequences between EBV, SARS-CoV-2, and HLA Class I Molecule-binding Motifs with a Potential Role in Autoimmunity
AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are extraordinary in their ability to activate autoimmunity as well as to induce diverse autoimmune diseases. Here we reviewed the current knowledge on their relation. Further, we suggested that molecular mimicry could be a possible common mechanism of autoimmunity induction in the susceptible individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins, and EBV and human proteins, are present. Besides, relation of the pathogenicity associated with both coronavirus diseases and EBV supports the...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - July 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Perspectives on Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Management of Autoimmunity
AbstractBefore becoming a cornerstone in the treatment of numerous immune-mediated diseases, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was first introduced as an immunosuppressive agent in transplant immunology and later received the attention of rheumatologists and clinicians involved in the management of autoimmune diseases. MMF is now a widespread immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of several conditions, including lupus nephritis, interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis while being efficacious also as rescue therapy in various orphan disea...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - June 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Evolving Landscape of Fecal Microbial Transplantation
AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract houses an enormous microbial ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays significant physiological roles and maintains immune homeostasis in the human body. Dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbiome, can be associated with various disease states, as observed in infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Modulation of the gut microbiome has become a therapeutic target in treating these disorders. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a healthy donor restores the normal gut microbiota homeostasis in the diseased host. Ample ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - February 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Germinal Center-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Skin Diseases: from Basic Research to Clinical Trials
AbstractGerminal center (GC) reaction greatly contributes to the humoral immune response, which begins in lymph nodes or other secondary lymphoid organs after follicular B cells are activated by T-dependent antigens. The GCs then serve as a platform for follicular B cells to complete clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation and then interact with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and follicular helper T cells (Tfh). Through the interaction between the immune cells, significant processes of the humoral immune response are accomplished, such as antibody affinity maturation, class switching, and production of memory B cells ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
A Contemporary Update on the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complicated autoimmune disease with female susceptibility. It is characterized by over-activation of the immune system and deposit of autoimmune complex in multiple organs. High heterogeneity, unpredictable disease course of SLE as well as the lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers posed diagnostic challenges to clinicians. Despite the complicated clinical presentation and pathogenesis of SLE, research regarding this disease has made many significant breakthroughs over the past decades. Some new learning can potential ly be translated into clinical practice. In addition...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Epigenetic Dysregulation in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases
AbstractEpigenetics is the study of heritable, reversible gene expression patterns that do not originate from alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression patterns and include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and gene regulation via non-coding RNAs. While the study of epigenetics has been most broadly applied to neoplastic diseases, the role of the epigenome in a wide range of disease processes including autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory processes is increasingly being recognized. Recent advances in the study of the epigenome have led to novel insights into the pathogenesi...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Serum Biomarkers for Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1: the Case for CD48 and a Review of the Literature
In conclusion , sCD48 and sCD48-based predictive scores predict histological inflammation and fibrosis in AIH-1. Detecting sCD48 might help in the clinical management of AIH.
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Thoracic Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Pathogenesis and Management
AbstractThoracic involvement is one of the main determinants of morbidity and mortality in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), with different prevalence and manifestations according to the underlying disease. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common pulmonary complication, particularly in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Other thoracic manifestations include pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), mostly in patients with SSc, airway disease, mainly in RA, and pleural involvement, which is common in systemic lupus erythe...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - December 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Epigenetic Dysregulation in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases
AbstractEpigenetics is the study of heritable, reversible gene expression patterns that do not originate from alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression patterns and include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and gene regulation via non-coding RNAs. While the study of epigenetics has been most broadly applied to neoplastic diseases, the role of the epigenome in a wide range of disease processes including autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory processes is increasingly being recognized. Recent advances in the study of the epigenome have led to novel insights into the pathogenesi...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - November 8, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Autoimmune Hepatitis: Serum Autoantibodies in Clinical Practice
AbstractCirculating autoantibodies are a key diagnostic tool in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), being positive in 95% of the cases if tested according to dedicated guidelines issued by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. They also allow the distinction between type 1 AIH, characterized by positive anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibody, and type 2 AIH, characterized by positive anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody. Anti-soluble liver antigen is the only AIH-specific autoantibody, and is found in 20 –30% of both type 1 and type 2 AIH. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic anti...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Clinical Significance of Antinucleolar Antibodies: Biomarkers for Autoimmune Diseases, Malignancies, and others
AbstractNucleolar staining is one of the standard patterns in immunofluorescence antinuclear antibodies (ANA), seen in 5 –9% of ANA in various conditions. Antinucleolar antibodies (ANoA) are classified into 3 patterns in the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) classification; AC-8 homogeneous pattern, AC-9 clumpy pattern, and AC-10 punctate pattern. Specificities known to show AC-8 include anti-Th/To, -PM -Scl, -nucleophosmin/B23, -nucleolin/C23, -No55, and others. AC-9 is seen by anti-fibrillarin/U3RNP and AC-10 by anti-RNA polymerase I and hUBF/NOR-90. ANoA has been classically known to be associated with sc...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Therapeutic Strategies for SLE by Targeting Anti-dsDNA Antibodies
AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by diverse serological autoantibodies. Anti-dsDNA antibodies are involved in multiple organ damage, especially the kidney, skin, and central nervous system. Anti-dsDNA antibodies play a pivotal role in SLE, and researchers have developed therapeutic strategies targeting these antibodies. Approaches to reduce anti-dsDNA antibodies via B cell targeted biologics against B cell surface antigens, B cell survival factors, or Bruton ’s tyrosine kinase have effectively eliminated B cells. However, their non-specific depletion hampers normal ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Serum ANCA as Disease Biomarkers: Clinical Implications Beyond Vasculitis
AbstractUsually associated with autoimmune diseases, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are also detected in other conditions, such as infections, malignancies, and after intake of certain drugs. Even if the mechanisms of production and their pathogenic role have not been fully elucidated yet, ANCA are widely recognized as a clinically alarming finding due to their association with various disorders. While ANCA target several autoantigens, proteinase-3, and myeloperoxidase are the ones proved to be most frequently related to chronic inflammation and tissue damage in murine models. Albeit these autoantibodies could be p...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Does Adjusted Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome Score (aGAPSS) Predict the Obstetric Outcome in Antiphospholipid Antibody Carriers? A Single-Center Study
AbstractThe adjusted Global Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) Score (aGAPSS) is a tool proposed to quantify the risk for antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-related clinical manifestations. However, aGAPSS has been validated mainly for thrombotic events and studies on APS-related obstetric manifestations are scarce. Furthermore, the majority of them included patients with positive aPL and different autoimmune diseases. Here, we assess the utility of aGAPSS to predict the response to treatment in aPL carriers without other autoimmune disorders. One-hundred and thirty-seven women with aPL ever pregnant were included. Sixty-five me...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Role of Autoantibody Testing in Modern Personalized Medicine
AbstractPersonalized medicine (PM) aims individualized approach to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Precision Medicine applies the paradigm of PM by defining groups of individuals with akin characteristics. Often the two terms have been used interchangeably. The quest for PM has been advancing for centuries as traditional nosology classification defines groups of clinical conditions with relatively similar prognoses and treatment options. However, any individual is characterized by a unique set of multiple characteristics and therefore the achievement of PM implies the determination of myriad demographic, epidemiologi...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
