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An updated review of pandas/pans disease also known as idiopathic autoimmune encephalitis: what the allergist should know
Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS), further subcategorized as Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS), is a form of Idiopathic Autoimmune Encephalitis (IAE). Post-streptococcal autoimmunity seen in IAE manifests as various neuropsychiatric symptoms such as obsessive rituals, tics, anxiety, depression, and many others. IAE has clinically heterogeneous phenotypes that make accurate diagnosing difficult, though diagnostic testing such as the Cunningham Panel increases the likelihood of finding effective treatments.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - August 25, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hannah Hardin, Wenhai Shao, Jonathan A. Bernstein Tags: Review Source Type: research

Stepping up our game with secondary immune deficiency
Pharmacologic immune suppression in the past was dirty. I imagine many readers of this journal remember days when systemic corticosteroids were pretty much the only medication they had to effectively treat asthma and rheumatologic diseases. Fortunately, as the management of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions has been refined over the past few decades, our reliance on broad immune suppressants has decreased. Although we still have our “old faithful” prednisone to fall back on, we can now use more targeted therapies to improve outcomes.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - June 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jay A. Lieberman Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

An emerging new respiratory pathogen, Lophomonas blattarum, found in bronchoalveolar lavage in an immunodeficient patient with asthma
Infections with unusual organisms are commonly found in patients with primary as well as acquired immunodeficiency. It is estimated that 1 in 1,200 individuals in the US have a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency; with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) accounting for approximately 35% of cases.1 CVID is a heterogeneous disorder that is primarily a defect of the humoral immune system; although approximately 50% of patients have T Cell defects as well. Patients with CVID have increased susceptibility to infections, particularly of the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as increased incidence of autoimmune diseases and neoplasms.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - February 13, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Michelle B Stickler, Robert G Hamilton, Rhonda K Cooke, Mary E Bollinger Source Type: research

Post thymectomy: an example of immune dysregulation?
The thymus is essential for creating the T cell repertoire while maintaining self-tolerance. Systemic autoimmune diseases (AD's) such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE), and Sjogren's Disease, may unveil many years after thymectomy in patients with Myasthenia Gravis. Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD) characterized by dysregulation of immune system affecting a single or multiple organs, has not been described post thymectomy.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: N. Sosa-Castellanos, S. Serrano-Santiago, C. Munet-Colon, J. Cheverez, S. Nazario Tags: M274 Source Type: research

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome with initial presentation of hodgkin's lymphoma
We describe a case of FAS-ALPS with initial presentation of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL).
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: E. Fox, R. Grohman, R. Eisenberg Tags: M266 Source Type: research

Making a stat diagnosis in a patient presenting with villous atrophy
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function (GOF) gene mutations are highly penetrant, resulting in enhanced STAT1-dependent responses to interferon-alpha/beta and interferon-gamma signaling, and impaired Th17 development. This manifests as recurrent infections, cytopenias, and autoimmune disease. Herein, we present a case of a child diagnosed with a STAT1 mutation.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: K. Dages, E. Ender, A. Joshi Tags: M216 Source Type: research

Refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria after treated graves' disease
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) has been well described in autoimmune thyroid disorders, but less associated with Graves' Disease (GD), and the mechanism of their relationship is still unknown. Thyroid-associated CSU has been shown to be more difficult to manage.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: S. Cheng, A. Freeman Tags: M142 Source Type: research

Syndrome of thyroid autoimmunity and idiopathic chronic urticaria and angioedema
We present a case of syndrome of thyroid autoimmunity and idiopathic chronic urticaria and angioedema progressing to anaphylaxis.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: A. Angirekula Tags: M139 Source Type: research

Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased risk for radiocontrast allergy
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune condition that can manifest in multiple organs. Imaging is common to confirm systemic involvement of disease and may frequently require the use of radioactive contrast. Hypersensitivity reaction to radioactive contrast media and dye is rare but moderate to severe reactions can complicate a patient's clinical course. Immunologic dysregulation plays a significant role in both SLE and radiocontrast allergy. We investigate the association between contrast allergy and SLE in this study using a large nationwide database.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: N. Rawal, S. Imam, A. Shaikh, E. Capitle Tags: P020 Source Type: research

Complete resolution of acquired angioedema from splenic marginal zone lymphoma after treatment with rituximab
Acquired angioedema (AAE) due to C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency is clinically similar to hereditary angioedema (HAE), but typically develops in older patients. There is invariably an underlying disease such as a lymphoproliferative disorder, autoimmune condition, solid tumor, etc. that either drives autoantibody production against normal C1-INH and/or causes consumptive depletion of normally functioning C1-INH.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: B. Wang Tags: M124 Source Type: research

Asymptomatic eosinophilia with reactive hypergammaglobulinemia
Eosinophilia is commonly reactive (secondary eosinophilia) involving polyclonal expansion of eosinophils due to infection, atopic disease, drug allergy, or autoimmune conditions. More rarely, primary eosinophilia occurs from clonal expansion of eosinophils from underlying hematologic malignancies or idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: G. Tan, M. Kraft Tags: M361 Source Type: research

Autoimmune disease burden in children with eosinophilic esophagitis: a nationwide longitudinal study.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune mediated disorder involving eosinophils leading to esophageal dysfunction. In this retrospective multi-center study, we investigated the incidence and risk factors for comorbid autoimmune diseases (AiD) in children using Cerner Health Facts, a national longitudinal database representing approximately 69 million patients.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: I. Jakhar, M. Singh, S. Sahil, L. Bernstein, H. Ahmad Tags: P184 Source Type: research

M293 autoimmune relapsing polychondritis presenting as non-allergic rhinitis
Rhinitis is commonly evaluated in allergy practice. When testing is consistent with non-allergic rhinitis, patients are often resigned to symptomatic management. However, it is beneficial to pursue evaluation for underlying medical or autoimmune conditions which may respond to disease modifying therapies instead.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: L. Raymond, S. Hasan Source Type: research

M270 peripheral eosinophilia in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis
Eosinophilia is usually due to a secondary cause such as allergic disease, drug hypersensitivity, infection, autoimmune disorder, malignancy, or immunodeficiency. Peripheral eosinophilia is not typically associated with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: N. Alsaati, A. Sandhu, T. Kohut, P. Patel, D. Hill Tags: Other-Hypereosinophilia Source Type: research

M194 identification of t-cell lymphopenia via t-cell receptor excision circle assay in turner syndrome
Turner Syndrome (TS), characterized by absence of the second X chromosome, is associated with increased risk for recurrent sinopulmonary infections and autoimmune disease. Children with TS may have lower than typical T-cells, B-cells and immunoglobulins, but precise etiology for immune dysregulation remains unclear.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - November 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: K. Stenehjem, N. Patel, V. Bundy Source Type: research

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