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Secondary stroke prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes. Is time for more specific recommendations?
To the Editor:
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - June 6, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Luis Castilla-Guerra, Mar ía del Carmen Fernandez-Moreno, Jose Antonio Perez de Leon Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Effect of Ramadan fasting on incidence of Cerebrovascular stroke in Egyptian patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke disease. Fasting during Ramadan, Muslims must abstain from eating, drinking, taking oral medications, and smoking from the exact time of dawn until time of sunset; in this study we investigated if there is impact of Ramadan Fasting on incidence of Cerebrovascular stroke among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This cross sectional study was conducted in medical ICU of Zagazig University Hospitals, in months of Sha ’ban, Ramadan and Shawwal, in 1436; total numbers of 220 patients diagnosed as cerebrovascular stroke were enrolled in.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - March 18, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mohamed H. Asy, Mohamed Awd, Arafa M. Elshabrawy, Mahmoud Gharieb Source Type: research

IDF global survey reveals 2 in 3 people with type 2 diabetes have cardiovascular disease risk factors and/or have experienced a cardiovascular event
To mark World Heart Day on 29 September, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in partnership with Novo Nordisk announced the results from the Taking Diabetes to Heart survey. The global survey investigated cardiovascular disease (CVD) awareness among 12,695 people with type 2 diabetes and revealed that 2 in 3 had CVD risk factors such as high blood pressure, uncontrolled blood glucose levels and high cholesterol and/or had experienced a CVD event such as angina, heart attack, stroke or heart failure.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - October 1, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Tags: International Diabetes Federation Source Type: research

Diabetes risk scores for Hispanics living in the United States: A systematic review
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide [1 –3]. Diabetes and its vascular complications are the seventh leading cause of disability worldwide and contribute to the deaths of two million adults per year [4]. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type affecting 90–95% of those with diabetes and may be asymptomatic for years [5]. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to microvascular (e.g., neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy) and macrovascular (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) complications and may increase mortality risk [6,7].
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - May 28, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lucia D. Juarez, Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, April A. Agne, Andrzej Kulczycki, Gregory Pavela, April P. Carson, John P. Shelley, Andrea L. Cherrington Source Type: research

Diabetes Risk Scores for Hispanics Living in the United States.: A systematic review
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide [1 –3]. Diabetes and its vascular complications are the seventh leading cause of disability worldwide and contribute to the deaths of two million adults per year [4]. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type affecting 90-95% of those with diabetes and may be asymptomatic for years [5]. Uncontrolled di abetes leads to microvascular (e.g., neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy) and macrovascular (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) complications and may increase mortality risk [6,7].
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - May 28, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lucia D. Juarez, Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, April A. Agne, Andrzej Kulczycki, Gregory Pavela, April P. Carson, John P. Shelley, Andrea L. Cherrington Source Type: research

A long-term quality-of-care score for predicting the occurrence of macrovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is prevalent worldwide, and the number of patients was estimated to be 382 million in 2013 and expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 [1]. In Taiwan, around 7% of the total population (about 1.6 million) had DM in 2012, 90% of whom had type 2 diabetes mellitus. DM has been among the top five leading causes of death in Taiwan for more than three decades and took up about 11.5% of the total healthcare expenditures in the recent years [2]. In addition, DM is associated with a 2-4 times higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke, which are the leading causes of death and disability among peo...
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - February 23, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pi-I Li, Jian-Nan Wang, How-Ran Guo Source Type: research

Establishment and validation of a prediction model for ischemic stroke risks in patients with type 2 diabetes
Diabetes is a formidable global health threat because of its high prevalence and numerous complications. Furthermore, diabetes is a leading cause of mortality and microvascular and macrovascular diseases, including coronary diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and peripheral vascular diseases. A recent study reports that risk of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes is two to five times higher than the general population[1]. The World Health Organization MONICA project reported that stroke incidence is higher among ethnic Chinese population than among Western population [2].
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - February 17, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tsai-Chung Li, Hsiang-Chi Wang, Chia-Ing Li, Chiu-Shong Liu, Wen-Yuan Lin, Chih-Hsueh Lin, Sing-Yu Yang, Cheng-Chieh Lin Source Type: research

Nanotechnology based approaches for anti-diabetic drugs delivery
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic lifelong metabolic disorder that alters the life of billions of people throughout the world [1,2]. It can be classified into two major forms, namely Type 1 DM (T1DM) and Type 2 DM (T2DM) [1,3 –6]. In DM, constant hyperglycemia may result in chronic micro- and macrovascular effects such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, stroke and cardiovascular disease [1,3,5,7,8]. The number of diabetic patients are increasing tremendously worldwide, where a recent report has indicated the incr ease of 422 million patients in 2014 from 171 million in 2000, showing the sharp increase in the sufferers [9].
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - November 28, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Prashant Kesharwani, Bapi Gorain, Siew Yeng Low, Siew Ann Tan, Emily Chai Siaw Ling, Yin Khai Lim, Chuan Ming Chin, Pei Yee Lee, Chun Mey Lee, Chun Haw Ooi, Hira Choudhury, Manisha Pandey Tags: Review Source Type: research

SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular benefits: Transforming clinical care in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk than persons without diabetes of developing atherosclerotic vascular diseases and events including myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as complications such as chronic kidney disease [1,2]. Optimal management of their diabetes and its comorbidities is required to address the increased risk of cardiovascular and related diseases [3]. Certain sodium –glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have recently been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in high cardiovascular-risk individuals with T2DM, with empagliflozin being the first to demonstrate a ...
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - November 28, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Michael d'Emden, John Amerena, Gary Deed, Carol Pollock, Mark E. Cooper Tags: Review Source Type: research

Does type 2 diabetes affect the on-treatment levels of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is connected with higher risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, T2D patients with AF more often require long-term anticoagulation. Recently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) - direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran [1], direct factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban [2] and apixaban [3] - had been introduced for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular AF (NV-AF). These agents generally offer some advantages, such as consistent and predictable anticoagulation, oral administration with good patient compliance and a good safety profile.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - November 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Matej Samo š, Tomáš Bolek, Lucia Stančiaková, Ingrid Škorňová, Jela Ivanková, František Kovář, Peter Galajda, Peter Kubisz, Ján Staško, Marián Mokáň Source Type: research

Relationship between limited joint mobility of hand and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes [1] and atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for CVD [2]. Type 2 diabetes is known risk for atherosclerosis, leading to non-embolic ischemic stroke [3] and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) [4]. To assess the risk for chronic heart disease (CHD) and CVD, traditional risk scores, such as Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Framingham based risk score, have been widely used, however a previous report indicated that 175 of 1015 patients who classified low risk of FRS had subclinical atherosclerosis [5].
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - July 20, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yusuke Mineoka, Michiyo Ishii, Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Muhei Tanaka, Naoto Nakamura, Yasukazu Katsumi, Motohide Isono, Michiaki Fukui Source Type: research

Predictive Factors of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in a Cohort with Impaired Fasting Glucose in Singapore
In Singapore, the prevalence of DM in residents aged 18 to 69 years has increased from 8.2% in 2004 to 11.3% in 2010. More than half (51.4%) of residents who were found to have DM were previously undiagnosed [1].
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - July 19, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dennis Bingzhu Chia, Lai Yin Wong, Daveon Yu Kai Liu, Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh Source Type: research

Usability and Clinical Efficacy of Diabetes Mobile Applications for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects 382 million patients worldwide. This number is expected to increase by 35% globally in the coming years [1]. Poor glycemic control leads to complications, such as coronary heart disease or stroke (36.6%) [2]; visual impairment (19.1%) [3]; death related to hyperglycemic crisis (12.3% rate per 100,000 diabetic population) [4]; and limb amputation (3.3% rate per 1,000 diabetic population) [5]. Mobile health applications (apps) delivered through smartphones or tablets have the potential to help patients manage their diabetes.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - June 20, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Helen Fu, Siobhan K. McMahon, Cynthia R. Gross, Terrence J. Adam, Jean F. Wyman Source Type: research

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