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β-hydroxybutyrate improves cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via amelioration of neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier damage
CONCLUSION: BHB can improve the cognitive impairment caused by CCH. The potential mechanisms of BHB may be through reducing neuroinflammation and protecting BBB.PMID:36577190 | DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.12.011
Source: Brain Research - December 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhitian Wang Tian Li Miaoyu Du Lei Zhang Linling Xu Hao Song Junjian Zhang Source Type: research

RNA sequencing uncover crucial genes mediating progression of large-artery atherosclerotic and small-artery occlusion ischemic stroke
CONCLUSION: This finding may help to understand the mechanisms of LAAIS and SAOIS and offer novel clues for finding specific biomarkers for LAAIS and SAOIS.PMID:36096198 | DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148078
Source: Brain Research - September 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhaolin Chen Duncai Wei Xiaopu Chen Yinting Huang Zibin Shen Wenzhen He Source Type: research

Effect of retinoic acid on the neurovascular unit: A review
Brain Res Bull. 2022 Mar 26:S0361-9230(22)00080-6. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.011. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRetinoic acid is a metabolic product derived from vitamin A, acting at a nuclear level to maintain the proper transcriptional activity. Moreover, this molecule contributes to the development and maturation of the cerebral vascular system, playing a pivotal role in development and maintenance of neurovascular unit integrity. This physiological structure is comprised of glial cells, vascular cells, and neurons, ensuring the correct function of the blood-brain barrier and, at last instance, the homeostasis...
Source: Brain Research - March 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Manuel R Pouso Elisa Cairrao Source Type: research

Post-ischemia common carotid artery occlusion worsens memory loss, but not sensorimotor deficits, in long-term survived stroke mice
Brain Res Bull. 2022 Mar 15:S0361-9230(22)00077-6. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIschemic stroke in rodents is usually induced by intraluminal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) via the external carotid artery (ECA) or the common carotid artery (CCA). The latter route requires permanent CCA occlusion after ischemia, and here, we assess its effects on long-term outcomes. Transient occlusion of MCA and CCA was performed at normal body temperature. After 90minutes of ischemia, mice were randomized to permanent CCA occlusion or no occlusion (control group). Body weight, and m...
Source: Brain Research - March 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhong Yang Xuan Li Zhipeng Cao Peng Wang David S Warner Huaxin Sheng Source Type: research

Therapeutic potential of catalpol and geniposide in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: a snapshot of their underlying mechanisms
Brain Res Bull. 2021 Jun 30:S0361-9230(21)00194-5. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.020. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRehmannia glutinosa, the fresh or dried root of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. & Mey., and Gardenia, the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis from Rubiaceae, both are famous traditional Chinese medicines that have been traditionally used in China. Catalpol and geniposide, as two kinds of iridoid glycosides with high activities, are the main bioactive components in Rehmannia glutinosa and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, respectively. Over the past few decades, catalpol and geniposide hav...
Source: Brain Research - July 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Xumin Zhang Kai Liu Mingyi Shi Long Xie Mao Deng Huijuan Chen Xiaofang Li Source Type: research

Neurologic Complications of Poverty: the Associations Between Poverty as a Social Determinant of Health and Adverse Neurologic Outcomes
This study summarizes the recent literature on poverty as it contributes to neurological disease.RECENT FINDINGS: Children growing up in poverty have increased risk for cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders as reported by Noble et al. (Dev Sci. 9(6):642-54, 2006) and Farah et al. (Brain Res. 1110(1):166-74, 2006) as well as worse outcomes when it comes to epilepsy management and disease course as discussed by Camfield et al. (Epilepsia. 57(11):1826-33, 2016). In adulthood, as the number of social determinants of health increases, the incidence of stroke and severe stroke increases significantly as reported by Reshetn...
Source: Brain Research - May 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Monica Maalouf Maureen Fearon Mary Clare Lipa Hannah Chow-Johnson Linda Tayeh Daniel Lipa Source Type: research

Covert strokes prior to Alzheimer's disease onset accelerate peri-lesional pathology but not cognitive deficits in an inducible APP mouse model.
In conclusion, our results suggest that a history of two subclinical strokes prior to AD onset does not worsen early disease trajectory in a mouse model. PMID: 33412147 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu M, Beckett T, Am Thomason L, Dorr A, Stefanovic B, McLaurin J Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Dl-3-n-butylphthalide promotes remyelination process in cerebral white matter in rats subjected to ischemic stroke.
Abstract Remyelination has been widely noticed as an important repair mechanism triggered after a stroke-induced white matter injury, but it often fails due to the lack of recruitment of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to the demyelinated area and the inadequate differentiation of OPCs. Racemic dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) has been reported to improve the functional recovery in animal models of vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemic stroke. Dl-NBP (70 mg/kg) by oral gavage for two weeks from day 7 after a stroke was administered in the study, the treatment promoted differentiation a...
Source: Brain Research - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhao C, Cheng X, Wang H, Liu C, Zhong S, Niu X, Zhang X, Qi R, Zhao S, Zhang X, Qu H Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Apelin-13 protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting autophagy.
Abstract The dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigrapars compacta (SNpc) and striatum of the midbrain is the important pathological feature of Parkinson's disease(PD). It has been shown that autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are involved in the occurrence and development of PD. The neuropeptide Apelin-13 is neuroprotective in the neurological diseases such as PD, Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemic stroke. In the present work, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Apelin-13 on ERS and autophagy in the dopaminergic neurodegeneration of SNpc of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-t...
Source: Brain Research - March 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhu J, Dou S, Jiang Y, Chen J, Wang C, Cheng B Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Liraglutide Attenuates the Depressive- and Anxiety-like Behaviour in the Corticosterone Induced Depression Model Via Improving Hippocampal Neural Plasticity.
Abstract Recent studies indicate that metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity are a major risk factor of psychiatric diseases. This relationship opens the opportunity to develop new antidepressant drugs by repurposing antidiabetic drugs. Previous research has demonstrated that GLP-1 analogs are neuroprotective in several neurological disease models including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. In addition, the GLP-1 analog liraglutide has been shown to promote neurogenesis, which is seen to play important roles in memory formation and cognitive and emotional processing. However...
Source: Brain Research - April 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Weina H, Yuhu N, Christian H, Birong L, Feiyu S, Le W Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

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