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Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 776: Host Cell Targets for Unconventional Antivirals against RNA Viruses
ómez The recent COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of RNA-based viruses. The most prominent members of this group are SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), EBOV (Ebola virus), DENV (dengue virus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), ZIKV (Zika virus), CHIKV (chikungunya virus), and influenza A virus. With the exception of retroviruses which produce reverse transcriptase, the majority of RNA viruses encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerases which do not include molecular proofreading tools, underlying the high mutation capacity of these viruses as they multiply in the host cells. Together with their...
Source: Viruses - March 17, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Vicky C. Roa-Linares Manuela Escudero-Fl órez Miguel Vicente-Manzanares Juan C. Gallego-G ómez Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 43: Inactivation of Ebola Virus and SARS-CoV-2 in Cell Culture Supernatants and Cell Pellets by Gamma Irradiation
Robert A. Davey Viral pathogens with the potential to cause widespread disruption to human health and society continue to emerge or re-emerge around the world. Research on such viruses often involves high biocontainment laboratories (BSL3 or BSL4), but the development of diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics often uses assays that are best performed at lower biocontainment. Reliable inactivation is necessary to allow removal of materials to these spaces and to ensure personnel safety. Here, we validate the use of gamma irradiation to inactivate culture supernatants and pellets of cells infected with a representative m...
Source: Viruses - December 23, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: RuthMabel Boytz Scott Seitz Emily Gaudiano J. J. Patten Patrick T. Keiser John H. Connor Arlene H. Sharpe Robert A. Davey Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 2682: Advances in Molecular Genetics Enabling Studies of Highly Pathogenic RNA Viruses
ait Experimental work with viruses that are highly pathogenic for humans and animals requires specialized Biosafety Level 3 or 4 facilities. Such pathogens include some spectacular but also rather seldomly studied examples such as Ebola virus (requiring BSL-4), more wide-spread and commonly studied viruses such as HIV, and the most recent example, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. A common characteristic of these virus examples is that their genomes consist of single-stranded RNA, which requires the conversion of their genomes into a DNA copy for easy manipulation; this can be performed to study the viral life cycle i...
Source: Viruses - November 30, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Christian Mittelholzer Thomas Klimkait Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 426: Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Molecules
Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 426: Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Molecules Viruses doi: 10.3390/v14020426 Authors: Hadrien Claus-Desbonnet Elsa Nikly Vanya Nalbantova Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska Stanislava Ivanova Guillaume Pierre Niko Benbassat Plamen Katsarov Philippe Michaud Paolina Lukova Cédric Delattre In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that our scientific resources and the medical community are not sufficiently developed to combat rapid viral spread all over the world. A number of viruses causing epidemics have already disseminated across...
Source: Viruses - February 18, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Hadrien Claus-Desbonnet Elsa Nikly Vanya Nalbantova Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska Stanislava Ivanova Guillaume Pierre Niko Benbassat Plamen Katsarov Philippe Michaud Paolina Lukova C édric Delattre Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 426: Polysaccharides and & #1058;heir Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Molecules
Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 426: Polysaccharides and Тheir Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Molecules Viruses doi: 10.3390/v14020426 Authors: Hadrien Claus-Desbonnet Elsa Nikly Vanya Nalbantova Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska Stanislava Ivanova Guillaume Pierre Niko Benbassat Plamen Katsarov Philippe Michaud Paolina Lukova Cédric Delattre In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that our scientific resources and the medical community are not sufficiently developed to combat rapid viral spread all over the world. A number of viruses causing epidemics have already dissemina...
Source: Viruses - February 18, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Hadrien Claus-Desbonnet Elsa Nikly Vanya Nalbantova Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska Stanislava Ivanova Guillaume Pierre Niko Benbassat Plamen Katsarov Philippe Michaud Paolina Lukova C édric Delattre Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2508: Enhancing the Antiviral Potency of Nucleobases for Potential Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Therapies
obert J. Geraghty Broad-spectrum antiviral therapies hold promise as a first-line defense against emerging viruses by blunting illness severity and spread until vaccines and virus-specific antivirals are developed. The nucleobase favipiravir, often discussed as a broad-spectrum inhibitor, was not effective in recent clinical trials involving patients infected with Ebola virus or SARS-CoV-2. A drawback of favipiravir use is its rapid clearance before conversion to its active nucleoside-5′-triphosphate form. In this work, we report a synergistic reduction of flavivirus (dengue, Zika), orthomyxovirus (influe...
Source: Viruses - December 14, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Ruben Soto-Acosta Tiffany C. Edwards Christine D. Dreis Venkatramana D. Krishna Maxim C-J. Cheeran Li Qiu Jiashu Xie Laurent F. Bonnac Robert J. Geraghty Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 667: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Strategies and Nucleoside Analogues
onnac The emergence or re-emergence of viruses with epidemic and/or pandemic potential, such as Ebola, Zika, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 and 2 (SARS and SARS-CoV-2) viruses, or new strains of influenza represents significant human health threats due to the absence of available treatments. Vaccines represent a key answer to control these viruses. However, in the case of a public health emergency, vaccine development, safety, and partial efficacy concerns may hinder their prompt deployment. Thus, developing broad-spectrum antiviral molecules for a fast resp...
Source: Viruses - April 13, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Robert J. Geraghty Matthew T. Aliota Laurent F. Bonnac Tags: Review Source Type: research