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Total 1003 results found since Jan 2013.

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1272: SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins Modulated Blood-Testis Barrier-Related Proteins through Autophagy in the Primary Sertoli Cells
In this study, we investigated the effects of viral proteins, via ectopic expression of individual viral proteins, on BTB-related proteins, the secretion of immune factors, and the formation and degradation of autophagosomes in human primary Sertoli cells. Our study demonstrated that ectopic expression of viral E (envelope protein) and M (membrane protein) induced the expressions of ZO-1 and claudin11, promoted the formation of autophagosomes, and inhibited autophagy flux. S (spike protein) reduced the expression of ZO-1, N-cadherin, and CX43, induced the expression of claudin11, and inhibited the formation and degradation...
Source: Viruses - May 29, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Kai Kang Yao-Dan Ma Si-Qi Liu Ri-Wei Huang Jin-Jun Chen Li-Long An Jiang Wu Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1254: Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Using Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA) with Lateral Flow for N-Protein Gene and Variant-Specific Deletion & ndash;Insertion Mutation in S-Protein Gene
In this study, we developed two assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) gene and Omicron BA.1 spike (S) gene-specific deletion–insertion mutations (del211/ins214). Both tests had a detection limit of 10 copies/µL in vitro and the detection time was approximately 35 min from incubation to detection. The sensitivities of SARS-CoV-2 (N) RT-RPA-LF by viral load categories were 100% for clinical samples with high (>9015.7 copies/µL, cycle quantification (Cq): < 25) and moderate (385.5–9015.7 copies/µL, Cq: 25–29.9) vir...
Source: Viruses - May 26, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Jose L. Malaga Monica J. Pajuelo Michiko Okamoto Emmanuel Kagning Tsinda Kanako Otani Pablo Tsukayama Lucero Mascaro Diego Cuicapuza Masamichi Katsumi Kazuhisa Kawamura Hidekazu Nishimura Akie Sakagami Yo Ueki Suguru Omiya Satoshi Okamoto Asami Nakayama S Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1253: The Longitudinal Analysis of Convergent Antibody VDJ Regions in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients Using RNA-seq
Bride Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing pandemic that continues to evolve and reinfect individuals. To understand the convergent antibody responses that evolved over the course of the pandemic, we evaluated the immunoglobulin repertoire of individuals infected by different SARS-CoV-2 variants for similarity between patients. We utilized four public RNA-seq data sets collected between March 2020 and March 2022 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) in our longitudinal analysis. This covered individuals infected with Alpha and Omicron variants. In total, from 269 SARS-CoV-...
Source: Viruses - May 26, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Kate J. Liu Monika A. Zelazowska Kevin M. McBride Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1234: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives of Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents against SARS-CoV2 Using the BCOV_S1_CTD of the S Protein
. Sinha Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the virus kept developing and mutating into different variants over time, which also gained increased transmissibility and spread in populations at a higher pace, culminating in successive waves of COVID-19 cases. The scientific community has developed vaccines and antiviral agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease. Realizing that growing SARS-CoV-2 variations significantly impact the efficacy of antiviral therapies and vaccines, we summarize the appearance and attributes of SARS-CoV-2 variants for fu...
Source: Viruses - May 24, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Amit Gupta Ashish P. Singh Vinay K. Singh Rajeshwar P. Sinha Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1231: Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: Transmission, Pathogenesis, Immunomodulation, Microflora Dysbiosis, and Clinical Implications
Hongjie Zhang The clinical manifestation of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in the respiratory system of humans is widely recognized. There is increasing evidence suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 possesses the capability to invade the gastrointestinal (GI) system, leading to the manifestation of symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and GI lesions. These symptoms subsequently contribute to the development of gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these GI symptoms to SARS-CoV-2 infecti...
Source: Viruses - May 24, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan Abhay Kumar Singh Udhaya Bharathy Saravanan Mayurikaa Namachivayam Moorthi Radhakrishnan Jian-Dong Huang Rahul Dhodapkar Hongjie Zhang Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1218: Changes in HRSV Epidemiology but Not Circulating Variants in Hospitalized Children due to the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2
This study assesses the circulation of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) genotypes before, during, and toward the end of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in children and determines the influence of the pandemic on HRSV circulation patterns and evolution. Phylogenetic analysis of the hypervariable glycoprotein G gene was performed on 221/261 (84.7%) HRSV-positive samples and shows two separated clusters, one belonging to HRSV-A (129/221) and another to HRSV-B (92/221). All Slovenian HRSV-A strains contained the 72-nucleotide-long duplicated region in the attachment glycoprotei...
Source: Viruses - May 23, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Monika Jev šnik Virant Manca Lu štrek Rok Kogoj Miroslav Petrovec Tina Ur šič Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1215: Autoantibodies to Interferons in Infectious Diseases
isa Imberti Anti-cytokine autoantibodies and, in particular, anti-type I interferons are increasingly described in association with immunodeficient, autoimmune, and immune-dysregulated conditions. Their presence in otherwise healthy individuals may result in a phenotype characterized by a predisposition to infections with several agents. For instance, anti-type I interferon autoantibodies are implicated in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and found preferentially in patients with critical disease. However, autoantibodies were also described in the serum of patients with viral, bacterial, and fungal infect...
Source: Viruses - May 22, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Eugenia Quiros-Roldan Alessandra Sottini Simona Giulia Signorini Federico Serana Giorgio Tiecco Luisa Imberti Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1216: Identification of Host Proteins Interacting with IBV S1 Based on Tracheal Organ Culture
This study indicates that TOC is a good system for the elucidation of IBV-host interactions and HSP70 is a potential host antiviral factor.
Source: Viruses - May 22, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Huandong Zhang Houli Cai Qingyang Li Chengxiu Fang Li Peng Jianing Lan Jiyong Zhou Min Liao Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1205: Clinical Features of COVID-19 in Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases: 2020 & ndash;2022 Survey of the Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1205: Clinical Features of COVID-19 in Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases: 2020–2022 Survey of the Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan Viruses doi: 10.3390/v15051205 Authors: Hiroyuki Wakiguchi Utako Kaneko Satoshi Sato Tomoyuki Imagawa Hidehiko Narazaki Takako Miyamae Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children can be compounded by concurrent diseases and immunosuppressants. For the first time, we aimed to report the clinical features of concurrent COVID-19 and pediatric rheumatic disease (PRD) in Japan. Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan members were surv...
Source: Viruses - May 20, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Hiroyuki Wakiguchi Utako Kaneko Satoshi Sato Tomoyuki Imagawa Hidehiko Narazaki Takako Miyamae Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1201: A COVID-19 Infection Model Considering the Factors of Environmental Vectors and Re-Positives and Its Application to Data Fitting in Japan and Italy
Pradeep COVID-19, which broke out globally in 2019, is an infectious disease caused by a novel strain of coronavirus, and its spread is highly contagious and concealed. Environmental vectors play an important role in viral infection and transmission, which brings new difficulties and challenges to disease prevention and control. In this paper, a type of differential equation model is constructed according to the spreading functions and characteristics of exposed individuals and environmental vectors during the virus infection process. In the proposed model, five compartments were considered, namely, susceptible individ...
Source: Viruses - May 19, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Shimeng Dong Jinlong Lv Wanbiao Ma Boralahala Gamage Sampath Aruna Pradeep Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1194: Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during Five COVID-19 Waves and the Significance of Low-Frequency Lineages
We describe the circulation of VOCs in South Africa and the potential role of low-frequency lineages on the emergence of future lineages. Whole genome sequencing was performed on SARS-CoV-2 samples from South Africa. Sequences were analysed with Nextstrain pangolin tools and Stanford University Coronavirus Antiviral & Resistance Database. In 2020, 24 lineages were detected, with B.1 (3%; 8/278), B.1.1 (16%; 45/278), B.1.1.348 (3%; 8/278), B.1.1.52 (5%; 13/278), C.1 (13%; 37/278) and C.2 (2%; 6/278) circulating during the first wave. Beta emerged late in 2020, dominating the second wave of infection. B.1 and B.1...
Source: Viruses - May 18, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Kathleen Subramoney Nkhensani Mtileni Jennifer Giandhari Yeshnee Naidoo Yajna Ramphal Sureshnee Pillay Upasana Ramphal Akhil Maharaj Derek Tshiabuila Houriiyah Tegally Eduan Wilkinson Tulio de Oliveira Burtram C. Fielding Florette K. Treurnicht Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1177: Genes Involved in miRNA Biogenesis Are Not Downregulated in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
In conclusion, we did not find evidence for downregulation of mRNA levels of miRNA biogenesis genes during SARS-CoV-2 infection, neither ex vivo nor in vitro.
Source: Viruses - May 16, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Nathalie Garnier Famara Sane Layal Massara Fabrice Soncin Philippe Gosset Didier Hober Sabine Szunerits Ilka Engelmann Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1171: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Amidine Derivatives as Hit Compounds towards Development of Inhibitors against Coronavirus Diseases
bdelbasset A. Farahat Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and influenza A virus, require the host proteases to mediate viral entry into cells. Rather than targeting the continuously mutating viral proteins, targeting the conserved host-based entry mechanism could offer advantages. Nafamostat and camostat were discovered as covalent inhibitors of TMPRSS2 protease involved in viral entry. To circumvent their limitations, a reversible inhibitor might be required. Considering nafamostat structure and using pentamidine as a starting point, a small set of structurally diverse rigid analogues were designed...
Source: Viruses - May 15, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Ahmed H. E. Hassan Selwan M. El-Sayed Mizuki Yamamoto Jin Gohda Takehisa Matsumoto Mikako Shirouzu Jun-ichiro Inoue Yasushi Kawaguchi Reem M. A. Mansour Abtin Anvari Abdelbasset A. Farahat Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1167: Remdesivir Use in the Real-World Setting: An Overview of Available Evidence
ristos Savopoulos In the years of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), various treatment options have been utilized. COVID-19 continues to circulate in the global population, and the evolution of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has posed significant challenges to the treatment and prevention of infection. Remdesivir (RDV), an anti-viral agent with in vitro efficacy against coronaviruses, is a potent and safe treatment as suggested by a plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials. Emerging real-world data have confirmed its effectiveness, and there are currently da...
Source: Viruses - May 14, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Karolina Akinosoglou Emmanouil Angelos Rigopoulos Georgios Schinas Georgia Kaiafa Eleni Polyzou Stamatia Tsoupra Argyrios Tzouvelekis Charalambos Gogos Christos Savopoulos Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1155: In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid against SARS-CoV-2
This article describes the evaluation of the antiviral activity of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a molecule found in Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) leaves, against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. A 35 µM concentration of NDGA was not toxic to Vero cells and exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect, viral plaque formation, RNA replication, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The 50% effective concentration for NDGA was as low as 16.97 µM. Our results show that NDGA could be a promising therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2.
Source: Viruses - May 11, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Erendira Villalobos-S ánchez Daniel Garc ía-Ruiz Tanya A. Camacho-Villegas Alejandro A. Canales-Aguirre Abel Guti érrez-Ortega Jos é E. Muñoz-Medina Darwin E. Elizondo-Quiroga Tags: Article Source Type: research