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Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 641: Repurposing Astragalus Polysaccharide PG2 for Inhibiting ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Syncytial Formation and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
In this study, PG2 stimulated M2 macrophage activation and increased the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1RN. Additionally, PG2 was recently used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms by reducing the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Therefore, our data suggest that PG2, a repurposed drug, possesses the potential to prevent WT SARS-CoV-2 S-mediated syncytia formation with the host cells; it also inhibits the binding of S proteins of WT, alpha, and beta strains to the recombinant ACE2 and halts severe COVID-19 development by regulating the polarization of macrophages to M2 cells.
Source: Viruses - February 27, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Chia-Yin Lee Anh Thuc Nguyen Ly Hien Doan Li-Wei Chu Chih-Hung Chang Hui-Kang Liu I-Lin Lee Teng-Hsu Wang Jin-Mei Lai Shih-Ming Tsao Hsiu-Jung Liao Yueh-Hsin Ping Chi-Ying F. Huang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 2825: Development of Fluorescence-Tagged SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles by a Tri-Cistronic Vector Expression System for Investigating the Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2
In this study, to generate SARS-CoV-2 VLPs (SCoV2-SEM VLPs) composed of three structural proteins including spike (S), envelop (E) protein and membrane (M) protein, a tri-cistronic vector expression system was established in a cell line co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 S, E and M proteins. The SCoV2-SEM VLPs were harvested from the cultured medium, and three structure proteins were confirmed by Western blot assay. A negative-stain TEM assay demonstrated the size of the SCoV2-SEM VLPs with a diameter of about 90 nm. To further characterize the infectious properties of SCoV2-SEM VLPs, the VLPs (atto647N-SCoV2-SEM VLPs) were fluoresc...
Source: Viruses - December 19, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Young-Sheng Chang Li-Wei Chu Zan-Yu Chen Joh-Sin Wu Wen-Chi Su Chia-Jui Yang Yueh-Hsin Ping Cheng-Wen Lin Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 699: Rotational Dynamics of The Transmembrane Domains Play an Important Role in Peptide Dynamics of Viral Fusion and Ion Channel Forming Proteins & mdash;A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 699: Rotational Dynamics of The Transmembrane Domains Play an Important Role in Peptide Dynamics of Viral Fusion and Ion Channel Forming Proteins—A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study Viruses doi: 10.3390/v14040699 Authors: Chia-Wen Wang Wolfgang B. Fischer Focusing on the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of viral fusion and channel-forming proteins (VCPs), experimentally available and newly generated peptides in an ideal conformation of the S and E proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV, gp41 and Vpu, both of human immunodeficiency...
Source: Viruses - March 28, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Chia-Wen Wang Wolfgang B. Fischer Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 826: Scutellaria barbata D. Don Inhibits the Main Proteases (Mpro and TMPRSS2) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection
This study aims to investigate the potential of Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SB) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection through the inhibition of the proteases playing important functions in the infection by SARS-CoV-2. FRET assay was applied to investigate the inhibitory effects of SB on the two proteases involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, Mpro and TMPRSS2. Additionally, to measure the potential effectiveness of SB treatment on infection inhibition, cellular models based on the Calu3 and VeroE6 cells and their TMPRSS2- expressing derivatives were assessed by viral pseudoparticles (Vpp) infection assays. The experimental ap...
Source: Viruses - May 2, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Sheng-Teng Huang Yeh Chen Wei-Chao Chang Hsiao-Fan Chen Hsiang-Chun Lai Yu-Chun Lin Wei-Jan Wang Yu-Chuan Wang Chia-Shin Yang Shao-Chun Wang Mien-Chie Hung Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 303: PEDV Infection Generates Conformation-Specific Antibodies That Can Be Effectively Detected by a Cell-Based ELISA
In this study, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus (S-Bac) expressing full-length spike protein of the virulent epidemic genotype 2b (G2b) PEDV strain for serological studies of infected pigs. We found that most spike-specific antibodies produced upon PEDV infection in pigs are conformation-specific and they could be detected on S-Bac-infected insect cells by immunofluorescent assay, but they were insensitive to Western blot analysis, the typical method for antiserum analysis. These results indicated that spike conformation is crucial for serum recognition. Since it is difficult to purify trimeric spike membrane prote...
Source: Viruses - February 15, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Wei-Ting Hsu Chia-Yu Chang Chih-Hsuan Tsai Sung-Chan Wei Huei-Ru Lo Robert John S. Lamis Hui-Wen Chang Yu-Chan Chao Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 539: Detection of Recombinant Rousettus Bat Coronavirus GCCDC1 in Lesser Dawn Bats (Eonycteris spelaea) in Singapore
We report the persistence of a related strain in a captive colony of lesser dawn bats captured in Singapore. Genomic evidence of the virus was detected using targeted enrichment sequencing, and further investigated using deeper, unbiased high throughput sequencing. RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 Singapore shared 96.52% similarity with RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 356 (NC_030886) at the nucleotide level, and had a high prevalence in the captive bat colony. It was detected at five out of six sampling time points across the course of 18 months. A partial segment 1 from an ancestral Pteropine orthoreovirus, p10, makes up the recombinant portion of the ...
Source: Viruses - May 13, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Adrian C. Paskey Justin H. J. Ng Gregory K. Rice Wan Ni Chia Casandra W. Philipson Randy J. H. Foo Regina Z. Cer Kyle A. Long Matthew R. Lueder Xiao Fang Lim Kenneth G. Frey Theron Hamilton Danielle E. Anderson Eric D. Laing Ian H. Mendenhall Gavin J. Smi Tags: Article Source Type: research