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Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 374: Unlike Chloroquine, Mefloquine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Physiologically Relevant Cells
Miranda Debora F. Barreto-Vieira Marcos Alexandre N. da Silva Suzana S. Santos Mateo Torres Otávio Augusto Chaves Rajith K. R. Rajoli Alberto Paccanaro Andrew Owen Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib Patrícia T. Bozza Thiago Moreno L. Souza Despite the development of specific therapies against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the continuous investigation of the mechanism of action of clinically approved drugs could provide new information on the druggable steps of virus–host interaction. For example, chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) lacks in vitro activity agains...
Source: Viruses - February 11, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Carolina Q. Sacramento Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues Suelen S. G. Dias Jairo R. Temerozo Aline de Paula D. Da Silva Carine S. da Silva Camilla Blanco Andr é C. Ferreira Mayara Mattos Vinicius C. Soares Filipe Pereira-Dutra Milene Dias Miranda Debora F. Bar Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 1253: Effect of Aprotinin and Avifavir ® Combination Therapy for Moderate COVID-19 Patients
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 1253: Effect of Aprotinin and Avifavir® Combination Therapy for Moderate COVID-19 Patients Viruses doi: 10.3390/v13071253 Authors: Andrey A. Ivashchenko Valeria N. Azarova Alina N. Egorova Ruben N. Karapetian Dmitry V. Kravchenko Natalia V. Krivonos Vladimir G. Loginov Stanislav V. Poyarkov Elena A. Merkulova Olga S. Rosinkova Nikolay P. Savchuk Mikhail A. Topr Elena N. Simakina Elena V. Yakubova Alexandre V. Ivachtchenko COVID-19 is a contagious multisystem inflammatory disease caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We studied ...
Source: Viruses - June 27, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Andrey A. Ivashchenko Valeria N. Azarova Alina N. Egorova Ruben N. Karapetian Dmitry V. Kravchenko Natalia V. Krivonos Vladimir G. Loginov Stanislav V. Poyarkov Elena A. Merkulova Olga S. Rosinkova Nikolay P. Savchuk Mikhail A. Topr Elena N. Simakina Elen Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 610: Deep Transfer Learning Approach for Automatic Recognition of Drug Toxicity and Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2
Lang Philipp A. Lang Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 and is responsible for the ongoing pandemic. Screening of potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 depend on in vitro experiments, which are based on the quantification of the virus titer. Here, we used virus-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) in brightfield microscopy of SARS-CoV-2-infected monolayers to quantify the virus titer. Images were classified using deep transfer learning (DTL) that fine-tune the last layers of a pre-trained Resnet18 (ImageNet). To exclude toxic concentrations of potential drugs, the network ...
Source: Viruses - April 2, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Julia Werner Raphael M. Kronberg Pawel Stachura Philipp N. Ostermann Lisa M üller Heiner Schaal Sanil Bhatia Jakob N. Kather Arndt Borkhardt Aleksandra A. Pandyra Karl S. Lang Philipp A. Lang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 560: An Overview of Current Knowledge of Deadly CoVs and Their Interface with Innate Immunity
evenson Coronaviruses are a large family of zoonotic RNA viruses, whose infection can lead to mild or lethal respiratory tract disease. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1) first emerged in Guangdong, China in 2002 and spread to 29 countries, infecting 8089 individuals and causing 774 deaths. In 2012, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in Saudi Arabia and has spread to 27 countries, with a mortality rate of ~34%. In 2019, SARS-CoV-2 emerged and has spread to 220 countries, infecting over 100,000,000 people and causing more than 2,000,000 deaths to date. These three h...
Source: Viruses - March 26, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Yamei Zhang Siobhan Gargan Yongxu Lu Nigel J. Stevenson Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 503: Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 Based on T2R Phenotype
P. Barham COVID-19 has become a global pandemic of the highest priority. Multiple treatment protocols have been proposed worldwide with no definitive answer for acure. A prior retrospective study showed association between bitter taste receptor 38 (T2R38) phenotypes and the severity of COVID-19. Based on this, we proposed assessing the different T2R38 phenotypes response towards a targeted treatment protocol. Starting July 2020 till December 2020, we tested subjects for T2R38 phenotypic expression (supertasters, tasters, and nontasters). Subjects who were subsequently infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome cor...
Source: Viruses - March 18, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Mohamed A. Taha Christian A. Hall Colin J. Shortess Richard F. Rathbone Henry P. Barham Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 413: Pharmacogenetics Approach for the Improvement of COVID-19 Treatment
ia The treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a challenge. The efficacy of several drugs has been evaluated and variability in drug response has been observed. Pharmacogenetics could explain this variation and improve patients’ outcomes with this complex disease; nevertheless, several disease-related issues must be carefully reviewed in the pharmacogenetic study of COVID-19 treatment. We aimed to describe the pharmacogenetic variants reported for drugs used for COVID-19 treatment (remdesivir, oseltamivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, azithromycin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, and dexametha...
Source: Viruses - March 5, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Ingrid Fricke-Galindo Ramc és Falfán-Valencia Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 329: Recent Hydroxychloroquine Use Is Not Significantly Associated with Positive PCR Results for SARS-CoV-2: A Nationwide Observational Study in South Korea
Conclusions: In this population-based study, recent exposure to HCQ was not significantly associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data do not support the use of HCQ as pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19.
Source: Viruses - February 20, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Seongman Bae Byeongzu Ghang Ye-Jee Kim Joon Seo Lim Sung-Cheol Yun Yong-Gil Kim Sang-Oh Lee Sung-Han Kim Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 576: Antiviral Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Type I Interferon on In Vitro Fatal Feline Coronavirus Infection
Hohdatsu Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease with a high morbidity and mortality by the FIP virus (FIPV, virulent feline coronavirus). Several antiviral drugs for FIP have been identified, but many of these are expensive and not available in veterinary medicine. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a drug approved by several countries to treat malaria and immune-mediated diseases in humans, and its antiviral effects on other viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, dengue virus) have been confirmed. We investigated whether HCQ in association with interferon-ω (IFN-ω) is effective for F...
Source: Viruses - May 23, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Tomomi Takano Kumi Satoh Tomoyoshi Doki Taishi Tanabe Tsutomu Hohdatsu Tags: Communication Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 486: Repurposing Antiviral Protease Inhibitors Using Extracellular Vesicles for Potential Therapy of COVID-19
Gerth In January 2020, Chinese health agencies reported an outbreak of a novel coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) which can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus, which belongs to the coronavirus family (SARS-CoV-2), was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Full-length genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 showed 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV, with 96% identity to a bat coronavirus at the whole-genome level. COVID-19 has caused over 133,000 deaths and there are over 2 million total confirmed cases as of April 15th, 2020. Current treatment p...
Source: Viruses - April 25, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Kumar Zhi Mukherji Gerth Tags: Review Source Type: research