Individual differences do matter
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e43. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X2300242X.ABSTRACTThe integrative experiment design proposal currently only relates to group results, but downplays individual differences between participants, which may nevertheless be substantial enough to constitute a relevant dimension in the design space. Excluding the individual participant in the integrative design will not solve all problems mentioned in the target article, because averaging results may obscure the underlying mechanisms.PMID:38311456 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X2300242X (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Stefan Glasauer Source Type: research
Replies to commentaries on beyond playing 20 questions with nature
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e65. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002789.ABSTRACTCommentaries on the target article offer diverse perspectives on integrative experiment design. Our responses engage three themes: (1) Disputes of our characterization of the problem, (2) skepticism toward our proposed solution, and (3) endorsement of the solution, with accompanying discussions of its implementation in existing work and its potential for other domains. Collectively, the commentaries enhance our confidence in the promise and viability of integrative experiment design, while highlighting important considerations about how it is used.P...
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Abdullah Almaatouq Thomas L Griffiths Jordan W Suchow Mark E Whiting James Evans Duncan J Watts Source Type: research
Phenomena complexity, disciplinary consensus, and experimental versus correlational research in psychological science
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e58. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002339.ABSTRACTThe target article ignores the crucial role of correlational methods in the behavioral and social sciences. Yet such methods are often mandated by the greater complexity of the phenomena investigated. This necessity is especially conspicuous in psychological research where its position in the hierarchy of the sciences implies the need for both experimental and correlational investigations, each featuring distinct assets.PMID:38311458 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002339 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dean Keith Simonton Source Type: research
Some problems with zooming out as scientific reform
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e49. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002133.ABSTRACTIntegrative experimentation will improve on the status quo in empirical behavioral science. However, the results integrative experiments produce will remain conditional on the various assumptions used to produce them. Without a theory of interpretability, it remains unclear how viable it is to address the crud factor without sacrificing explainability.PMID:38311459 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002133 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jessica Hullman Source Type: research
Assume a can opener
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e36. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X2300239X.ABSTRACTWe propose a friendly amendment to integrative experiment design (IED), adversarial-collaboration IED, that incentivizes research teams from competing theoretical perspectives to identify zones of the design space where they possess an explanatory edge. This amendment is especially critical in debates that have high policy stakes and carry a strong normative-political charge that might otherwise prevent free exchange of ideas.PMID:38311460 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X2300239X (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cory J Clark Calvin Isch Paul Connor Philip E Tetlock Source Type: research
Neuroadaptive Bayesian optimisation can allow integrative design spaces at the individual level in the social and behavioural sciences … and beyond
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e45. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002388.ABSTRACTAlmaatouq et al. propose an integrative experiment design space combined with large samples for scientific advancement. We argue recent innovative designs combining closed-loop experiment designs and Bayesian optimisation allow for integrative experiments at an individual level during a single session, circumventing the necessity for large samples. This method can be applied across disciplines, including developmental and clinical research.PMID:38311461 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002388 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rianne Haartsen Anna Gui Emily J H Jones Source Type: research
Are language-cognition interactions bigger than a breadbox? Integrative modeling and design space thinking temper simplistic questions about causally dense phenomena
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e60. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002145.ABSTRACTWe affirm the utility of integrative modeling, according to which it is advantageous to move beyond "one-at-a-time binary paradigms" through studies that position themselves within realistic multidimensional design spaces. We extend the integrative modeling approach to a target domain with which we are familiar, the consequences of bilingualism on mind and brain, often referred to as the "bilingual advantage." In doing so, we highlight work from our group consistent with integrative modeling.PMID:38311462 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002145 (Source: The...
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Debra Titone Esteban Hern ández-Rivera Antonio Iniesta Anne L Beatty-Mart ínez Jason W Gullifer Source Type: research
Is generalization decay a fundamental law of psychology?
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e54. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002352.ABSTRACTGeneralizations strengthen in traditional sciences, but in psychology (and social and behavioral sciences, more generally) they decay. This is usually viewed as a problem requiring solution. It could be viewed instead as a law-like phenomenon. Generalization decay cannot be squelched because human behavior is metastable and all behavioral data collected thus far have resulted from a thin sliver of human time.PMID:38311463 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002352 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: David R Mandel Source Type: research
Diversity of contributions is not efficient but is essential for science
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e57. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002285.ABSTRACTDominant paradigms in science foster integration of research findings, but at what cost? Forcing convergence requires centralizing decision-making authority, and risks reducing the diversity of methods and contributors, both of which are essential for the breakthrough ideas that advance science.PMID:38311464 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002285 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Catherine T Shea Anita Williams Woolley Source Type: research
Confidence in research findings depends on theory
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e41. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002261.ABSTRACTAlmaatouq et al. view the purpose of research is to map variable-to-variable relationships (e.g., the effect of X on Y). They also view theory as this mapping of variable-to-variable relationships rather than an explanation of why the relationships occur. However, it is theory as explanation that allows us to reconcile disparate findings and that should guide application.PMID:38311465 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002261 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: David Gal Brian Sternthal Bobby J Calder Source Type: research
There are no shortcuts to theory
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 5;47:e38. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002169.ABSTRACTAlmaatouq et al. claim that the integrative experiment design can help "develop a reliable, cohesive, and cumulative theoretical understanding." I will contest this claim by challenging three underlying assumptions about the nature of scientific theories. I propose that the integrative experiment design should be viewed as an exploratory framework rather than a means to build or evaluate theories.PMID:38311466 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002169 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Berna Devezer Source Type: research
Let's move forward: Image-computable models and a common model evaluation scheme are prerequisites for a scientific understanding of human vision - CORRIGENDUM
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Feb 2;47:e66. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23003564.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38305315 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23003564 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - February 2, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: James J DiCarlo Daniel L K Yamins Michael E Ferguson Evelina Fedorenko Matthias Bethge Tyler Bonnen Martin Schrimpf Source Type: research
A critique of motivation constructs to explain higher-order behavior: We should unpack the black box
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Jan 18:1-53. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X24000025. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe constructs of motivation (or needs, motives, etc.) to explain higher-order behavior have burgeoned in psychology. In this article, we critically evaluate such high-level motivation constructs that many researchers define as causal determinants of behavior. We identify a fundamental issue with this predominant view of motivation, which we called the black-box problem. Specifically, high-level motivation constructs have been considered as causally instigating a wide range of higher-order behavior, but this does not explain wh...
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - January 17, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kou Murayama Hayley Jach Source Type: research
Peace in other primates
We present three aspects suggesting caution. First, the social capabilities of nonhuman primates should not be underestimated. Second, the effect of these capabilities on peace establishment is nonmonotonous. Third, defining peace by human-centered values introduces a fallacy.PMID:38224074 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002741 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - January 15, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: David J Gr üning Joachim I Krueger Source Type: research
Enhanced cooperation increases the capacity for conflict
Behav Brain Sci. 2024 Jan 15;47:e20. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X23002662.ABSTRACTEnhanced cooperation increases the capacity for humans to engage in large-scale warfare. This ability provides the foundation for male coalitionary behavior, leaving open the question of whether cooperation evolved in the same way, or for the same purpose, in females. Such coalitionary behavior entrains hierarchical forms of leadership that remain inherently unstable, providing a spark for conflict to emerge.PMID:38224078 | DOI:10.1017/S0140525X23002662 (Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences)
Source: The Behavioral and Brain Sciences - January 15, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rose McDermott Source Type: research
