An appreciation and critique of PDM-2’s focus on minority stress through the case of Frank.
In this article, Dr. Drescher presents a case of a sexual-minority patient treated by a sexual-minority therapist. The discussant, clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst Malin Fors, uses the case to reflect on the benefits and limits of the new section of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition, called “Nonpathological Conditions That Could Need Clinical Attention” (minority stress). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology)
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The PDM-2 perspective on later life.
One of the most innovative features of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition (PDM-2) is its introduction of specific considerations relevant to old age. This section promotes a thorough assessment of late-life mental health, including a profile of cognitive functioning, an evaluation of personality styles and syndromes, and an analysis of the subjective experience of different symptom patterns. The manual distinguishes common, age-related difficulties from pathological impairments that reflect cognitive, behavioral, and personality problems. It helps clinicians to evaluate difficulties that frequently occur in o...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reclaiming the developmental lens for adolescent formulation and diagnosis: Application of the PDM-2 to clinical cases.
We emphasize the value of a developmental framework for adolescent diagnosis and clinical formulation. Clinical use of diagnostic approaches constructed for either children or adults risks misunderstanding, and perhaps even misdiagnosing, symptoms and experiences that may be tied to the psychological, social, and biological changes inherent in this phase of life. To illustrate a more developmentally attuned approach to clinical formulation, we apply the adolescent section of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition (PDM-2) to 2 clinical cases, 1 an early adolescent and 1 a late adolescent. We discuss them in terms ...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Mental health and developmental disorders in infancy and early childhood: The PDM-2.
This article illustrates the evolution of theory in the context of interdisciplinary integration and explores its implications for diagnosis and clinical formulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology)
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Psychotherapy research and the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM–2).
The new Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM-2; Lingiardi & McWilliams, 2017) aspires to emphasize a holistic view of individuals, rather than focusing solely on the treatment of diagnoses or the amelioration of symptoms that constitute them. In this paper, we discuss the ways in which the PDM-2 differs from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) and complements it as a tool. We discuss these topics in the context of studies within the field of psychotherapy research that seem to be relevant to PDM-2 syndromes and domains of functioning. We revie...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The S Axis in PDM-2. Symptom patterns: The subjective experience.
In this paper we address the main innovations included in the Subjective Experience chapter (S Axis) of the PDM-2, that is, its conceptualization of adult symptom patterns. We include some comparison between, and discussion of, ICD-10, DSM-5, and PDM-2. A primary goal of the PDM is to consider both biological and psychological susceptibility factors in shaping specific symptom patterns in adults; we pursue this goal by considering specific sections; for example, suicidal behaviors. We discuss the core PDM-2 innovations: a better definition of the subjective experience of symptoms and symptom patterns, the inclusion of (and...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A clinically useful assessment of patients’ (and therapists’) mental functioning: M-axis implications for the therapeutic alliance.
Among its several changes and innovations, the second edition of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM-2) strongly emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship. The manual helps clinicians to understand better their behaviors in therapy with different patient groups, to guide therapeutic interventions, to track in-session processes, to deal with ruptures in the therapeutic alliance, and to achieve a better therapy outcome. In this article, we examine the clinical implications of the PDM-2 Adult M Axis (i.e., the Profile of Mental Functioning). We begin by describing the structure and main features of the M ...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Personality in PDM-2: Controversial issues.
We describe and give the rationale for changes from PDM-1 to PDM-2, call attention to ongoing controversies and our efforts to resolve or represent them in PDM-2, and note the importance of future research on personality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology)
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Commentary on the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition: The PDM-2 as an effort to enhance the psychiatric diagnosis.
The author views the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd edition (PDM-2) as a monumental and very difficult achievement. Freud divided psychoanalysis into three parts: a model of the mind, a clinical treatment, and a research tool. Two of these parts have held up remarkably well, while the third is yet to be developed. If Kant and Freud were alive today, the author thinks they would agree that the task on which the PDM-2 embarked is the toughest task possible. It involves a noble effort to capture what is possible to reduce to numbers, what is possible to study scientifically in a field that is inherently almost impossibl...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Commentary on the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition: What does the PDM-2 add to the current diagnostic panorama?
This new edition of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual is an important contribution to the literature. It updates psychoanalytic, psychodynamically informed classification of psychopathology, mental disorders, mental functioning, and the functioning of normal individuals as well, combining multiple theoretical and clinical perspectives in an integrated approach to diagnosis. That permits not only placing individual patients into a general category of mental illness, but also categorizing each individual personally as a unique case in which whatever particular syndrome dominates can be seen in the context of that individua...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Introduction to the special issue on the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition (PDM-2): The PDM: Yesterday, today, tomorrow.
In this introductory essay, we review the development of the second edition of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual. We place the first edition in historical context and note the main responses and critiques of professional colleagues to its publication. We then outline the developing process of this second, comprehensively revised edition. Finally, we preview the contributions to this Special Issue. Overall, we emphasize the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual’s innovative diagnostic framework, designed to assess the depth as well as the surface of patients’ emotional, cognitive, interpersonal, and social patterns and to f...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reflections on Kohut’s theory of self psychology and pathological narcissism—Limitations and concerns.
This article deals with the problematic aspects of Kohut’s theory, specifically with reference to the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of pathological narcissism. The article discusses the conceptual ambiguity surrounding Kohut’s proposed model of narcissism vis-à-vis his notion of the self. I suggest that this conceptual ambiguity could lead to an erroneous attribution of narcissism to patients who are not necessarily narcissists but who have failed to develop a mature sense of self. I would further argue that Kohut’s diagnostic method, primarily based on selfobject transferences, is not only inadequate, bu...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Rorschach Omnipotence Scale and closed-system processing.
This exploratory study demonstrates several key aspects of a psychoanalytic theory of omnipotent defenses, based on the Novick and Novick (1996, 2003, 2004) description of a “closed system” sadomasochistic cycle in which omnipotence plays a central role in the regulation of self-esteem and emotions. A new measure, the Rorschach Omnipotence Scale (ROS), assesses Rorschach response content and test behavior for omnipotent and magical themes. The Aggressive Content Scale and the luck subscale of the Oral Dependent Language Scale from the Rorschach Performance Assessment System were also used (R-PAS; Meyer, Viglione, Mihur...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Parental trauma and adult sibling relationships in Holocaust-survivor families.
Evidence suggesting accentuated sibling differentiation and de-identification is observed among adult children of Holocaust survivors, manifested in the respective family roles of each sibling, their relationships vis a vis the parents, and also in the siblings’ general adaptation styles. These dissimilarities are often accompanied by a negative quality of the sibling relationships. It is proposed that (dissociated) affects and enactments of unsynthesized parental trauma infuse implicit and explicit interactions in family life with survival themes and with intense concerns for the parents’ emotional well-being and pola...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The fantasy relationship: Repetition’s antidote and an explanation for resilience.
Resilient patients from pathological backgrounds can manifest an ability to defy unacceptable relational experience and replace it with a wished-for way of relating: the “fantasy relationship.” Through the negation of each bad interaction, the fantasy of a potential good interaction is necessarily created, contributing to the evolving construction of an idealized parent–child dyad in the imagination. Attempts to actualize a fantasy relationship in reality involve occupying either of the 2 roles in the dyadic fantasy—that of the ideally loved child or the ideally loving parent—a phenomenon described as “role exc...
Source: Psychoanalytic Psychology - July 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
