Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Age-related changes in the gut melatonin levels and its possible role in the regulation of feeding and digestibility, with the development of the gut from fingerling to adult stages of carp, Catla catla
AbstractThe present study aims to understand the feeding-related age-bound changes in gut histoarchitecture and its response to gut melatonin (GM) titer regulating major digestive enzymes in carp,  Catla catla. Therefore, gut samples were collected from different growth stages of carp, viz. (i) fingerling (FL), body weight (BW)  ≥ 3 g to ≤ 20 g; (ii) advanced fingerling (AFL), BW >  20 g to ≤ 40 g; (iii) early juvenile (EJv), BW >  40 g to ≤ 70 g; (iv) juvenile (Jv), BW >  70 g to ≤ 200 g; (v) late juvenile (LJv), BW >  200 g to ≤ 300 g; (vi) preadu...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - December 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Temperature effects on metabolism and energy requirement during the fast growth phase in the red-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonaria
AbstractEarly life is a challenging phase because of the high rates of morphophysiological development and growth. Changes in ambient temperature, which directly affect energy metabolism and digestive functions in ectotherms, may be of great impact during this phase. We addressed this issue in red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) hatchlings kept in captivity. To this end, we investigated the effect of temperature (28  °C and 18 °C) on mass-specific gross energy intake (GEIm), daily body mass gain (MG), daily intake of gross energy (GEI), digestible energy (DEI), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and specific dynami...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - December 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Electron transport system supercomplexes affect reactive-oxygen species production and respiration in both a hibernator (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) and a nonhibernator (Rattus norvegicus)
In this study, we investigate the relationship between supercomplex abundance and performance of liver mitochondria isolated from rats that do not hibernate and hibernating ground squirrels in which metabolism fluctuates substantially. We quantified the abundance of SCs (respirasomes (SCs containing CI, CIII, and CIV) or SCs containing CIII and CIV) and examined the relationship with state 3 (OXPHOS) and state 4 (LEAK) respiration rate, as well as net ROS production. We found that, in rats, state 3 and 4 respiration rate correlated negatively with respirasome abundance, but positively with CIII/CIV SC abundance. Despite th...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - November 18, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Ontogeny and social context regulate the circadian activity patterns of Lake Malawi cichlids
AbstractActivity patterns tend to be highly stereotyped and critical for executing many different behaviors including foraging, social interactions, and predator avoidance. Differences in the circadian timing of locomotor activity and rest periods can facilitate habitat partitioning and the exploitation of novel niches. As a consequence, closely related species often display highly divergent activity patterns, suggesting that shifts from diurnal to nocturnal behavior, or vice versa, are critical for survival. In Africa ’s Lake Malawi alone, there are over 500 species of cichlids, which inhabit diverse environments and ex...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - November 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Control of high-speed jumps in muscle and spring actuated systems: a comparative study of take-off energetics in bush-crickets (Mecopoda elongata) and locusts (Schistocerca gregaria)
AbstractThe Orthoptera are a diverse insect order well known for their locomotive capabilities. To jump, the bush-cricket uses a muscle actuated (MA) system in which leg extension is actuated by contraction of the femoral muscles of the hind legs. In comparison, the locust uses a latch mediated spring actuated (LaMSA) system, in which leg extension is actuated by the recoil of spring-like structure in the femur. The aim of this study was to describe the jumping kinematics ofMecopoda elongata (Tettigoniidae) and compare this to existing data inSchistocerca gregaria (Acrididae), to determine differences in control of rotatio...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 19, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Torpid 13-lined ground squirrel liver mitochondria resist anoxia-reoxygenation despite high levels of protein damage
AbstractHibernation confers resistance to ischemia –reperfusion injury in tissue, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Suppression of mitochondrial respiration during torpor may contribute to this tolerance. To explore this concept, we subjected isolated liver mitochondria from torpid, interbout euthermic (IBE) and summer 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) to 5 min of anoxia, followed by reoxygenation (A/R). We also included rat liver mitochondria as a non-hibernating comparison group. Maximum respiration rates of mitochondria from torpid ground squirrels were not affected by A/R, but in IBE ...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 18, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Comparative metabolomics analysis investigating the impact of melatonin-enriched diet on energy metabolism in the crayfish, Cherax destructor
In conclusion, our study demonstrates that dietary melatonin increased oxidative phosphorylation, improved glucose utilization, and promoted storage of glycogen and lipids inC. destructor. These lipids are used not only for energy storage but also to maintain the structure and function of cell membranes. Our results further add to the understanding of the mechanisms of energy regulation by melatonin in crustaceans. (Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology)
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 13, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Age-related changes in the gut melatonin levels and its possible role in the regulation of feeding and digestibility, with the development of the gut from fingerling to adult stages of carp, Catla catla
AbstractThe present study aims to understand the feeding-related age-bound changes in gut histoarchitecture and its response to gut melatonin (GM) titer regulating major digestive enzymes in carp,  Catla catla. Therefore, gut samples were collected from different growth stages of carp, viz. (i) fingerling (FL), body weight (BW)  ≥ 3 g to ≤ 20 g; (ii) advanced fingerling (AFL), BW >  20 g to ≤ 40 g; (iii) early juvenile (EJv), BW >  40 g to ≤ 70 g; (iv) juvenile (Jv), BW >  70 g to ≤ 200 g; (v) late juvenile (LJv), BW >  200 g to ≤ 300 g; (vi) preadu...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 13, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Prenatal caloric restriction adjusts the energy homeostasis and behavior in response to acute and chronic variations in food availability in adulthood
The objective of this study is to investigate the potential adaptive value of the thrifty phenotype expression through prenatal programming in a rodent model experiencing varying dietary conditions in different temporal contexts. To fill this gap, adult males ofMus musculus (BALB/C) from two maternal pregnancy groups were analyzed: control (ad libitum feeding) and caloric restriction from day 10 of gestation (70% restriction). Adult offspring of these groups were split further for two experiments: acute food deprivation and chronic caloric restriction at 60%. The acute food deprivation was performed for 24, 48 or 72  h wh...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 13, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Effect of hypoxia duration and pattern on channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) neuropeptide gene expression and hematology
This study did not find a significant change in hypothalamic transcription of CRF and UI during hypoxia challenges but did identify multiple physiological adaptive resp onses that work together to reduce the severity of experimentally induced hypoxia in channel catfish. (Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology)
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 12, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Critical temperatures and aerobic metabolism in post-larvae of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)
In this study, critical temperatures (CTM: CTmin and CTmax) of Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei, post-larvae (PL), were determined at different acclimation temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30  °C. Lower and upper incipient lethal temperatures (ILT: LILT and UILT) were also calculated for the PL. The thermal windows of the PL were developed using the CTM and ILT values. The standard metabolic rate (SMR) of the PL was determined based on the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) at the different acclimation temperatures mentioned above. The acclimation temperature had a subsequent effect on the thermal tolerance and SMR of...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 12, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Circadian gene transcription plays a role in cellular metabolism in hibernating brown bears, Ursus arctos
AbstractHibernation is a highly seasonal physiological adaptation that allows brown bears (Ursus arctos) to survive extended periods of low food availability. Similarly, daily or circadian rhythms conserve energy by coordinating body processes to optimally match the environmental light/dark cycle. Brown bears express circadian rhythms  in vivo and their cells do in vitro throughout the year, suggesting that these rhythms may play important roles during periods of negative energy balance. Here, we use time-series analysis of RNA sequencing data and timed measurements of ATP production in adipose-derived fibroblasts ...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 11, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Sleep deprivation soon after recovery from synthetic torpor enhances tau protein dephosphorylation in the rat brain
AbstractNeuronal Tau protein hyperphosphorylation (PPtau) is a hallmark of tauopathic neurodegeneration. However, a reversible brain PPtau occurs in mammals during either natural or “synthetic” torpor (ST), a transient deep hypothermic state that can be pharmacologically induced in rats. Since in both conditions a high sleep pressure builds up during the regaining of euthermia, the aim of this work was to assess the possible role of post-ST sleep in PPtau dephosphorylation. Male rats were studied at the hypothermic nadir of ST, and 3–6 h after the recovery of euthermia, after either normal sleep (NS) or total sleep ...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 9, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Seasonal variation in sleep time: jackdaws sleep when it is dark, but do they really need it?
AbstractSleep is an important behavioural and physiological state that is ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom. Birds are an interesting group to study sleep since they share similar sleep features with mammals. Interestingly, sleep time in birds has been shown to vary greatly amongst seasons. To understand the mechanisms behind these variations in sleep time, we did an electro-encephalogram (EEG) study in eight European jackdaws (Coloeus monedula) in winter and summer under outdoor seminatural conditions. To assess whether the amount and pattern of sleep is determined by the outdoor seasonal state of the animals or di...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - October 3, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Temperature effects on metabolism and energy requirement during the fast growth phase in the red-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonaria
AbstractEarly life is a challenging phase because of the high rates of morphophysiological development and growth. Changes in ambient temperature, which directly affect energy metabolism and digestive functions in ectotherms, may be of great impact during this phase. We addressed this issue in red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) hatchlings kept in captivity. To this end, we investigated the effect of temperature (28  °C and 18 °C) on mass-specific gross energy intake (GEIm), daily body mass gain (MG), daily intake of gross energy (GEI), digestible energy (DEI), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and specific dynami...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology - September 26, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research