High-Frequency (20 MHz) Focused Ultrasound: A Novel Method for Noninvasive Tattoo Removal
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:268-280. doi: 10.1159/000521487. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTAlternatives or complements to laser tattoo removal are needed. Laser removal requires 8-12 sessions and can easily take longer than a year. Some colors cannot be removed, and scars may appear. Applied to allergic reactions in red tattoos, lasers can boost the allergy. A recently developed 20 MHz high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is introduced as a complementary method to lasers, but also as a stand-alone treatment for selected groups. 20 MHz HIFU allows for application of high-power ultrasound energy to very small focal targets in...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Torsten Bove Tomasz Zawada J ørgen Serup Alexander Jessen Mattia Poli Source Type: research
Static and Dynamic Anatomy of the Face, in Particular Eyebrows, Eyelids and Lips
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:306-312. doi: 10.1159/000521592. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTA characteristic feature of the anatomy of the human face is its arrangement in layers. The main layers include, from outside to inside: (i) the skin; (ii) the subcutaneous fat; (iii) the superficial musculoaponeurotic system; (iv) the deep fat, and (iv) the periosteum overlying the bony structures of the skull. Herein, the facial bones provide the basis for the ligaments and other facial structures that are attached to them. In contrast, the muscles control the mimics and movements, hence the dynamic anatomy of the face. The skin represe...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Peter Arne Gerber Timm Filler Source Type: research
Psychological and Psychosocial Aspects of Medical Tattoos in Women with Breast Cancer
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:181-186. doi: 10.1159/000521811. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this chapter is to provide an account of the value granted to the oncologic medical tattoo by those women who have just finished their surgical and plastic breast reconstruction process following a mastectomy. To this end, we conducted in-depth interviews with the beneficiaries of the Aesthetical, Paramedical and Oncologic Micro-Pigmentation Foundation's (FEMPO) free program. Medical tattoos are positively evaluated in connection with post-breast cancer physical reconstruction; they are granted a high value due to the aesth...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Paola Gate ño Caraccioli Source Type: research
Formulation and Production of Tattoo Ink Stock Products for Cosmetic and Medical Applications: Pigment Raw Materials, Ingredients, Auxiliary Substances and Contaminants
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:23-29. doi: 10.1159/000521863. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTPermanent makeup (PMU) is a descendant of tattoo ink products and used with the intention of giving the face more advantageous contours. PMU makes it possible to condense eyelashes and eyebrows with fine lines or to visually correct them with cleverly placed contour lines. Even the correction of most subtle irregularities on the skin is possible through skillful pigmentation. Microblading describes a special technique in which the skin is carved with a certain "needle blade." The ink is then applied on the fresh wound and massaged into the ...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Michael Dirks Source Type: research
Advanced Eyeliner Tattooing: Precautions, Technique and Procedure
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:131-140. doi: 10.1159/000522598. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTTattooing of the eyeline is an utmost delicate procedure because of the subtle structure and the thin skin of the eyeline and the closeness to the eye. The esthetic outcome and customer satisfaction also have a narrow range. The artist therefore must be both talented and experienced. Indication, contraindication, customer information, and customer preparation and involvement throughout the procedure is reviewed along with the technical aspects of safe procedure and precautions taken. Examples of the many challenges of eyeliner tattooing b...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Rita Molinaro Source Type: research
Essay on Professional Ethics Aspects of Cosmetic and Medical Tattoos
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:79-83. doi: 10.1159/000522599. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTThe definition of the task in the medical aesthetics field and good practice requires social, professional, and institutional agreements. A few aspects that are expected to be present in the professional and commercial practice of aesthetic and oncological medical tattoos may define this path. To achieve this goal, we aim to make it essential that what has been stated above becomes a profession and thus our crusade becomes effective. While all technical aspects are not intended to be addressed, we will focus on those associated with good pr...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Paola Gate ño Caraccioli Source Type: research
Cosmetic and Medical Tattooing: Procedural Planning from A to Z and the Informed Consent
This article reviews the many aspects of pre-procedure client information explained in a book format providing information, which is of direct practical usefulness.PMID:37263212 | DOI:10.1159/000522600 (Source: Current Problems in Dermatology)
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Maja Ercegovac Source Type: research
Tattooing of the Lips by Needle Technique: Artwork and Performance
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:155-168. doi: 10.1159/000524117. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTLip tattooing for cosmetic or medical purposes is a difficult operation with indications and contraindications. Lips have a refined microanatomy and many functions ranging from aesthetics and mimics supporting facial expressions to entirely biological functions such as supporting oral functions and servicing sound expression as part of linguistic performance. The anatomy of the lip is explained and illustrated. In lip tattooing, the outlining and enhancement of contour particularly towards the philtrum is important along with keeping symm...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Maja Ercegovac J ørgen Serup Source Type: research
The Sudden Rise of Cosmetic and Medical Tattoos on All Continents
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:5-10. doi: 10.1159/000525184. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTCosmetic tattooing dedicated to beautifying the normal anatomy such as the eyebrows, the eyelines, or the lips is in a remarkable growth all over the world. Medical tattooing with reconstruction of the areola and the nipple after breast surgery, correction of the lost color of vitiligo and scars is a spin-off, which has made tattooing cross the barrier and become accepted and used in clinics and hospitals in service of the quality of life of patients. The last years have seen a major development of machinery, inks, techniques, experiences, a...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Maja Ercegovac J ørgen Serup Source Type: research
Equipment Used for Cosmetic and Medical Tattooing
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:72-78. doi: 10.1159/000526046. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTThis chapter reviews our present knowledge about equipment used for cosmetic (decorative) and medical tattooing and its function with respect to installation of tattoo ink into the skin. In the following text, the word "tattooing" refers to body tattooing, permanent makeup (PMU), microblading, and medical micropigmentation. The major consumer risks related to unsafe tattoo and PMU equipment are reconsidered. Such health risks mainly include the danger of non-sterile needles or needle cartridges, cross contamination of equipment and lack of ...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Andreas Pachten Dirk Scherkowski J örn Kluge Source Type: research
Sarcoid Granulomas and Systemic Sarcoidosis Triggered by Cosmetic Tattoos
We present 4 cases of granulomas in cosmetic tattoos complicated by regional or systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis including affection of the lungs in 2 cases, the activity triggered by the tattoo. Three cases of traditional decorative tattoos on extremities serve as reference. It is noteworthy that cosmetic tattoos despite small size and thereby low relative dose of pigment injected in the skin can trigger fully developed systemic sarcoidosis. It is hypothesized that iron oxide pigments popular in cosmetic tattoo inks of red or brown color may be prone to elicit sarcoid reactions and thus carry a special risk of granu...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Olga Yu Olisova Natalia P Teplyuk Olga V Grabovskaya Vladimir A Varshavsky Polina M Pyatilova Ekaterina V Grekova J ørgen Serup Source Type: research
Technical and Clinical Complications of Cosmetic Tattooing
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:225-244. doi: 10.1159/000526048. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTCosmetic tattooing and medical tattooing of the face share basic principles and to some degree types and spectrum of technical and clinical complications known from decorative tattooing of other parts of the body. Cosmetic tattoos recently have grown exponentially in popularity in industrialized countries all over the world. The different complications and their clinical symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are analyzed versus culprit pigments and updated. Eyeliner tattooing is associated with special complicati...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: J ørgen Serup Source Type: research
Special Applications of Medical Tattooing: Contouring and 3D Exemplified by Tattooing of the Nailbed and the Gingiva
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:212-218. doi: 10.1159/000526054. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTMedical tattooing aims to restore the normality of skin structures in patients who have skin diseases or suffer sequelae after surgical interventions or hazards. There are numerous applications, with tattooing of vitiligo and the nipple areola complex after breast cancer surgery as leading fields. The use of 3D or realistic tattoo techniques has increased the potential of medical tattooing and improved the aesthetic results. The tattooist must have good technical training combined with artistic and creative talents. In this chapter, two i...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Rita Molinaro Antonia Pirrera Alberto Renzoni Source Type: research
Color Biophysics and the Human Color Perception in Relation to Pigments and Tattooed Skin
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:11-22. doi: 10.1159/000526055. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTPerception of skin color in the natural state, or with tattoo pigment installed in the dermis is highly complex and includes both optical requisites and eye and brain functions connected to advanced cognitive and psychological functions. Permanent makeup (PMU) is miniaturized tattooing on critical anatomical location aiming at fulfilment of a person's esthetic ideal. It is a special challenge since a satisfactory outcome depends on perfectionated technique and very critical selection of pigments. The eye can be compared to a digital camera,...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Michaela Dahlgren J ørgen Serup Source Type: research
Tattooing of Scars and Disfiguring Burn Lesions
Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022;56:197-204. doi: 10.1159/000526193. Epub 2023 Jun 1.ABSTRACTCutaneous scars are permanent and the result of physiological wound healing with formation of disorganized collagen instead of the normally structured connective tissue network (or "textile") of the dermis. A scar restores the physical and tensile integrity of skin; skin is a vital protective layer on the body. Scars are of many types and with a broad spectrum of individual variations of color, texture, thickness, furrowing, tension, and contraction. Scars can be red and hypertrophic and, moreover, aggressive and manifested as keloids. Wh...
Source: Current Problems in Dermatology - June 1, 2023 Category: Dermatology Authors: Ina Bennoun Source Type: research
