Conventional Cytogenetic Approaches —Useful and Indispensable Tools in Discovering Fish Biodiversity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFishes exhibit the greatest biodiversity among extant vertebrates. In fact, about 34,000 fish species are currently estimated, of which ~ 25% are living in Neotropical freshwaters. Currently, several leading-edge studies using molecular biology procedures have largely contributed to the investigation of the fish genomic architecture at the chromosomal level. In this review, we intend to demonstrate that conventional cytogenetics is also a powerful procedure to identify and clarify both individual and inter- or intrapopulational fish characteristics and to unveil their biodiversity.Recent Finding...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 25, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Fragile Sites as Drivers of Gene and Genome Evolution
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlthough the detailed composition of the human genome is known base by base for its major part, the orchestration of and which elements exactly facilitate organization and flexibility of higher order gene and genome architecture, are poorly understood and scarcely studied.Recent FindingsThis review focuses on fragile sites (FSs). They are considered as regions of chromosome breakage with overlapping signatures for breakpoints observed repeatedly in tumor and constitutional rearrangements, and also in evolutionary conserved breakpoints. Thus, FSs are promising targets to study and get deeper insight...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 25, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Conventional Cytogenetic Approaches —Useful and Indispensable Tools in Discovering Fish Biodiversity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFishes exhibit the greatest biodiversity among extant vertebrates. In fact, about 34,000 fish species are currently estimated, of which ~ 25% are living in Neotropical freshwaters. Currently, several leading-edge studies using molecular biology procedures have largely contributed to the investigation of the fish genomic architecture at the chromosomal level. In this review, we intend to demonstrate that conventional cytogenetics is also a powerful procedure to identify and clarify both individual and inter- or intrapopulational fish characteristics and to unveil their biodiversity.Recent Finding...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 25, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Fragile Sites as Drivers of Gene and Genome Evolution
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlthough the detailed composition of the human genome is known base by base for its major part, the orchestration of and which elements exactly facilitate organization and flexibility of higher order gene and genome architecture, are poorly understood and scarcely studied.Recent FindingsThis review focuses on fragile sites (FSs). They are considered as regions of chromosome breakage with overlapping signatures for breakpoints observed repeatedly in tumor and constitutional rearrangements, and also in evolutionary conserved breakpoints. Thus, FSs are promising targets to study and get deeper insight...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 25, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Human Molecular Neurocytogenetics
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDuring the last decade, genomics has delivered basic insight into somatic genome variations contributing to human neuronal diversity in health and disease. Here, we review research on somatic chromosomal mosaicism and chromosome instability in the developing and adult (normal and diseased) human brain, representing the emerging field of molecular neurocytogenetics.Recent FindingsChromosome instability and somatic chromosomal mosaicism were found to be involved in human brain development. Additionally, recent studies have highlighted the impact of neuronal aneuploidy and brain-specific chromosome in...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 19, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Significance of Cytogenetics in Leukemia Diagnostics
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDespite the rapid development of molecular techniques, cytogenetic analysis is still an indispensable tool in understanding the pathology of leukemia. The significance of cytogenetics in leukemia is reviewed in terms of its classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification, which are all important to guide further treatments based on published clinical trials.Recent FindingsAccording to the 2016 revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification of leukemia, various well-known clinical practice guidelines in the routine diagnostic workup of leukemias and many large worldwide cohort ...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 18, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Using High-Throughput Animal or Cell-Based Models to Functionally Characterize GWAS Signals
We describe how these strategies have been successfully used to functionally characterize the genes in GWAS-defined risk loci. In the future, these strategies should help to translate GWAS data into knowledge and treatments. (Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports)
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Genetics of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review highlights recent findings regarding genetics of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis burden, that is a precursor of clinical coronary artery disease.Recent FindingsCAC quantity is heritable. Genome-wide association studies of common single nucleotide polymorphisms have identified genomic regions explaining ~ 2.4% of CAC heritability. Low-frequency and rare variants explain additional variation in CAC. Evidence suggests that there may be different genetic etiologies for variation in CAC progression than for cross-sectional measures of CAC. Stud...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations of Post-prandial Lipemia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPost-prandial lipemia (PPL), characterized by elevated levels of triglyceride (TG) following a meal, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes current knowledge on the genetic and epigenetic determinants of the PPL TG response and provides perspectives on future directions.Recent FindingsRecent studies suggested that PPL-related traits have heritability between 38 and 80%. Genomics studies identified genetic variants in or nearAPOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster region affecting PPL TG levels. Epigenomics studies found DNA methylation levels of many genes known to be relat...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Correction to: The Interplay Between the Microbiome and Cardiovascular Risk
In the recently published paper, “The Interplay Between the Microbiome and Cardiovascular Risk”, the last name of the lead author is listed incorrectly. The author’s name is Brè A. Minniefield. (Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports)
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Genetics of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review highlights recent findings regarding genetics of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis burden, that is a precursor of clinical coronary artery disease.Recent FindingsCAC quantity is heritable. Genome-wide association studies of common single nucleotide polymorphisms have identified genomic regions explaining ~ 2.4% of CAC heritability. Low-frequency and rare variants explain additional variation in CAC. Evidence suggests that there may be different genetic etiologies for variation in CAC progression than for cross-sectional measures of CAC. Stud...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - July 13, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations of Post-prandial Lipemia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPost-prandial lipemia (PPL), characterized by elevated levels of triglyceride (TG) following a meal, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes current knowledge on the genetic and epigenetic determinants of the PPL TG response and provides perspectives on future directions.Recent FindingsRecent studies suggested that PPL-related traits have heritability between 38 and 80%. Genomics studies identified genetic variants in or nearAPOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster region affecting PPL TG levels. Epigenomics studies found DNA methylation levels of many genes known to be relat...
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - July 9, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Correction to: The Interplay Between the Microbiome and Cardiovascular Risk
In the recently published paper, “The Interplay Between the Microbiome and Cardiovascular Risk”, the last name of the lead author is listed incorrectly. The author’s name is Brè A. Minniefield. (Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports)
Source: Current Genetic Medicine Reports - June 28, 2018 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
