A history of ethanol intake accelerates the development of morphine analgesic tolerance: A protective potential for omega-3 fatty acids.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 137(2), Apr 2023, 101-110; doi:10.1037/bne0000542Adolescence is a critical life period during which significant neurodevelopmental changes occur within the central nervous system. Consistently, substance abuse in this stage has been found to induce persistent changes in brain responsiveness to future drug challenges. Nowadays, heavy episodic alcohol consumption during adolescence, also known as binge-drinking behavior, is a growing concern in modern societies. On the other hand, alcohol is well known to act as a gateway drug, that is, it promotes the individual’s craving for consumption of ot...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - November 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Behavioral and neurochemical effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor activation in the social defeat protocol.
This study aims to evaluate behavioral and biochemical effects of the NOPR agonist Ro 65-6570 in mice submitted to social defeat protocol. The open-field test, social interaction test, and tail suspension test were applied to evaluate depressive behavior in male Swiss mice. Blood and brain tissue samples were obtained to evaluate the oxidative stress. The NOP agonist, Ro 65-6570 (1 mg/kg), or the social defeat stress reduced exploration rate in the open-field test. The social defeat stress and/or the NOP agonist also increased immobility time in the tail suspension test and the grooming time, as well as reduced the social ...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - November 3, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive and arginine metabolic correlates of temporal dysfunction in the MIA rat model of schizophrenia risk.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 137(1), Feb 2023, 67-77; doi:10.1037/bne0000540As a hallmark characteristic of schizophrenia, abnormal perception of time is thought to arise from cognitive impairment; however, the absence of translational models indexing this pathological relationship creates barriers to understanding the functional and biological bases of timing impairments. Here, we investigate the relationship between timing and cognition using the maternal immune activation (MIA) rat model of schizophrenia. We additionally investigate the role of prefrontal cortex L-arginine metabolism in these processes via high-performa...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 31, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Pupillometry tracks errors in interval timing.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 136(5), Oct 2022, 495-502; doi:10.1037/bne0000533Recent primate studies suggest a potential link between pupil size and subjectively elapsed duration. Here, we sought to investigate the relationship between pupil size and perceived duration in human participants performing two temporal bisection tasks in the subsecond and suprasecond interval ranges. In the subsecond task, pupil diameter was greater during stimulus processing when shorter intervals were overestimated but also during and after stimulus offset when longer intervals were underestimated. By contrast, in the suprasecond task, larger...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A limited cerebellar contribution to suprasecond timing across differing task demands.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 136(5), Oct 2022, 479-494; doi:10.1037/bne0000531The involvement of the cerebellum in suprasecond interval timing (i.e., timing in the seconds to minutes range) is controversial. A limited amount of evidence from humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents has shown that the lateral cerebellum, including the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN), may be necessary for successful suprasecond timing performance. However, many existing studies have pitfalls, such as limited timing outcome measures and confounded task demands. In addition, many existing studies relied on well-trained subjects. This approach m...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Still stuck with the stopwatch.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 136(5), Oct 2022, 453-466; doi:10.1037/bne0000527Time is an integral part of all adaptive behavior; we continuously adapt to the dynamic structure of an ever-changing environment. Recent theoretical approaches have moved from the idea that time arises from specialized stopwatch-like mechanisms, instead proposing the view that time is inherently encoded in a host of neural dynamics. However, we argue that much of our theorizing is—even when an intrinsic view is proposed—still driven by the implicit assumption that clearly marked, isolated stopwatch-like intervals are the fundamental unit of ...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Dopamine mediates the bidirectional update of interval timing.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 136(5), Oct 2022, 445-452; doi:10.1037/bne0000529The role of dopamine (DA) as a reward prediction error (RPE) signal in reinforcement learning (RL) tasks has been well-established over the past decades. Recent work has shown that the RPE interpretation can also account for the effects of DA on interval timing by controlling the speed of subjective time. According to this theory, the timing of the dopamine signal relative to reward delivery dictates whether subjective time speeds up or slows down: Early DA signals speed up subjective time and late signals slow it down. To test this bidirectional...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Timing, neural timescales, and temporal cognition.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 136(5), Oct 2022, 347-348; doi:10.1037/bne0000538This special issue provides a representative snapshot of cutting-edge behavioral neuroscience research on sense of time, cognitive and behavioral functioning, and neural processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Behavioral Neuroscience)
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Pupillometry tracks errors in interval timing.
Recent primate studies suggest a potential link between pupil size and subjectively elapsed duration. Here, we sought to investigate the relationship between pupil size and perceived duration in human participants performing two temporal bisection tasks in the subsecond and suprasecond interval ranges. In the subsecond task, pupil diameter was greater during stimulus processing when shorter intervals were overestimated but also during and after stimulus offset when longer intervals were underestimated. By contrast, in the suprasecond task, larger pupil diameter was observed only in the late stimulus offset phase prior to r...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A limited cerebellar contribution to suprasecond timing across differing task demands.
The involvement of the cerebellum in suprasecond interval timing (i.e., timing in the seconds to minutes range) is controversial. A limited amount of evidence from humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents has shown that the lateral cerebellum, including the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN), may be necessary for successful suprasecond timing performance. However, many existing studies have pitfalls, such as limited timing outcome measures and confounded task demands. In addition, many existing studies relied on well-trained subjects. This approach may be a drawback, as the cerebellum is hypothesized to carry out ongoing error...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Still stuck with the stopwatch.
Time is an integral part of all adaptive behavior; we continuously adapt to the dynamic structure of an ever-changing environment. Recent theoretical approaches have moved from the idea that time arises from specialized stopwatch-like mechanisms, instead proposing the view that time is inherently encoded in a host of neural dynamics. However, we argue that much of our theorizing is—even when an intrinsic view is proposed—still driven by the implicit assumption that clearly marked, isolated stopwatch-like intervals are the fundamental unit of time in our environment. This assumption ignores the challenges of interacting...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Dopamine mediates the bidirectional update of interval timing.
The role of dopamine (DA) as a reward prediction error (RPE) signal in reinforcement learning (RL) tasks has been well-established over the past decades. Recent work has shown that the RPE interpretation can also account for the effects of DA on interval timing by controlling the speed of subjective time. According to this theory, the timing of the dopamine signal relative to reward delivery dictates whether subjective time speeds up or slows down: Early DA signals speed up subjective time and late signals slow it down. To test this bidirectional prediction, we reanalyzed measurements of dopaminergic neurons in the substan...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Timing, neural timescales, and temporal cognition.
This special issue provides a representative snapshot of cutting-edge behavioral neuroscience research on sense of time, cognitive and behavioral functioning, and neural processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Behavioral Neuroscience)
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The role of goal-directed and habitual processes in food consumption under stress after outcome devaluation with taste aversion.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 137(1), Feb 2023, 1-14; doi:10.1037/bne0000439People are more likely to engage in various suboptimal behaviors such as overeating, addictive behaviors, and short-sighted financial decision-making when they are under stress. Traditional dual-process models propose that stress can impair the ability to engage in goal-directed behavior so that people have to rely on habitual behavior. Support for this idea comes from a study by Schwabe and Wolf (2010), in which stressed participants continued to perform a learned instrumental behavior leading to a liquid after the liquid was devalued with a satiat...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - October 3, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Rhesus monkeys with damage to amygdala or orbitofrontal cortex perform well on novelty-based memory tasks.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 137(1), Feb 2023, 29-40; doi:10.1037/bne0000525The amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are interconnected regions that serve as key nodes in brain circuits supporting social and affective behaviors. An important question that has come into focus is whether these regions also play a fundamental role in responding to novelty. One possibility is that these regions are important for discriminating novel from familiar stimuli. An alternative possibility is that these regions contribute to affective responses to stimuli in novelty-based tasks. For example, the amygdala and OFC could contribute to...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - September 8, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
