Incidence of and Trends in the Leading Cancers With Elevated Incidence Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations, 2012 –2016
This study examined trends for cancers with elevated incidence among AI/AN compared with non-Hispanic White populations and estimated potentially avoidable incident cases among AI/AN populations. Incident cases diagnosed during 2012 –2016 were identified from population-based cancer registries and linked with the Indian Health Service patient registration databases to improve racial classification of AI/AN populations. Age-adjusted rates (per 100,000) and trends were calculated for cancers with elevated incidence among AI/AN compared with non-Hispanic White populations (rate ratio of>1.0) according to region. Trends w...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 14, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Improvements in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Conditions May Improve Resident Diet
We examined differences between renters and homeowners. Data were from a random sample of households (n = 831) in each of these low-income Pittsburgh neighborhoods that were surveyed in 2011 and 2014. Structural equation modeling tested direct and indirect pathways from neighborhood to resident dietary quality, adjusting for individual-level sociodemographics, with multigroup testing by homeowners versus renters. Neighborhood investments were directly associated with improved dietary quality for renters (β = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05, 0.50) and homeowners (β = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.92). Among renters, ...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 13, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Does the Union Make Us Strong? Labor-Union Membership, Self-Rated Health, and Mental Illness: A Parametric G-Formula Approach
AbstractUnion members enjoy better wages and benefits and greater power than nonmembers, which can improve health. However, the longitudinal union-health relationship remains uncertain, partially because of healthy-worker bias, which cannot be addressed without high-quality data and methods that account for exposure-confounder feedback and structural nonpositivity. Applying one such method, the parametric g-formula, to US-based Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, we analyzed the longitudinal relationships between union membership, poor/fair self-rated health (SRH), and moderate mental illness (Kessler 6-item score of ≥5...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 13, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Association of Mammography Screening With a Reduction in Breast Cancer Mortality: A Modeling Study Using Population-Based Data From 2 French Departments
AbstractMeta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that started from 1963 to 1991 reported a decrease of breast cancer mortality, associated with mammography screening. However, the effectiveness of population-based screening programs conducted currently might have changed due to the higher effectiveness of treatments for late-stage cancers and the better diagnostic performance of mammography. The main objective of this study was to predict the reduction of breast cancer mortality associated with mammography screening in the current French setting. We compared breast cancer mortality in 2 simulated cohorts of women, whi...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 12, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Statistical Estimation of the Reproductive Number From Case Notification Data
AbstractThe reproductive number, or reproduction number, is a valuable metric in understanding infectious disease dynamics. There is a large body of literature related to its use and estimation. In the last 15 years, there has been tremendous progress in statistically estimating this number using case notification data. These approaches are appealing because they are relevant in an ongoing outbreak (e.g., for assessing the effectiveness of interventions) and do not require substantial modeling expertise to be implemented. In this article, we describe these methods and the extensions that have been developed. We provide ins...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 9, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Race/Ethnicity, Cumulative Midlife Loss, and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Women
We examined the association between a race/ethnicity–related stressor, midlife loss, and a marker of cardiovascular risk, carotid intima media thickness (IMT), in 1,410 African-American, White, Chinese, and Hispanic women from the Study of Women’s Health Acr oss the Nation. Participants were queried about losses annually over 12 years (1996–2013), with IMT assessed in year 12–13 via ultrasound. Linear regression models were used to examine associations between cumulative upsetting losses and IMT, adjusting for covariates. In minimally adjusted model s in the full cohort, 3 or more upsetting losses (vs. none) were a...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 9, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Trends in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Incidence in the United States by Race/Ethnicity From 2000 to 2016
AbstractIncidence trends in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) demonstrate disparities by race and ethnicity. We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry to evaluate patterns in ALL incidence from 2000 to 2016, including the association between percentage of people born in a foreign country at the county level and ALL incidence. Among 23,829 persons of all ages diagnosed with ALL, 8,297 (34.8%) were Latinos, 11,714 (49.2%) were non-Latino (NL) Whites, and 1,639 (6.9%) were NL Blacks. Latinos had the largest increase in the age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of ALL during this period compared ...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 9, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Associations of Depressive Symptoms With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality by Race in a Population of Low Socioeconomic Status: A Report From the Southern Community Cohort Study
AbstractDepression is a leading cause of disability in the United States, but its impact on mortality rates among racially diverse populations of low socioeconomic status is largely unknown. Using data from the Southern Community Cohort Study, 2002 –2015, we prospectively evaluated the associations of depressive symptoms with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 67,781 Black (72.3%) and White (27.7%) adults, a population predominantly with a low socioeconomic status. Baseline depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center fo r Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The median follow-up time was 10.0 y...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 9, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Re: “a note from the editors”
In the Editors ’ Note that published ahead of print online on August 18, 2020 (1), the changes below have been made in the interest of clarity, completeness, and conciseness. (Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 2, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Misclassification Error –Adjusted Prevalence of Injection Drug Use Among Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations in the United States: A Serial Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2007–2016 National Inpatient Sample
AbstractAdministrative health databases have been used to monitor trends in infective endocarditis hospitalization related to nonprescription injection drug use (IDU) usingInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD) code algorithms. Because no ICD code for IDU exists, drug dependence and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been used as surrogate measures for IDU, making misclassification error (ME) a threat to the accuracy of existing estimates. In a serial cross-sectional analysis, we compared the unadjusted and ME-adjusted prevalences of IDU among 70,899 unweighted endocarditis hospitalizations in the 2007 –2016 National I...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - September 30, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Reducing Bias Due to Exposure Measurement Error Using Disease Risk Scores
AbstractSuppose that an investigator wants to estimate an association between a continuous exposure variable and an outcome, adjusting for a set of confounders. If the exposure variable suffers classical measurement error, in which the measured exposures are distributed with independent error around the true exposure, then an estimate of the covariate-adjusted exposure-outcome association may be biased. We propose an approach to estimate a marginal exposure-outcome association in the setting of classical exposure measurement error using a disease score –based approach to standardization to the exposed sample. First, we s...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - September 30, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Re: “use of electronic cigarettes to aid long-term smoking cessation in the united states: prospective evidence from the path cohort study”
In the original version of the article “Use of Electronic Cigarettes to Aid Long-Term Smoking Cessation in the United States: Prospective Evidence From the PATH Cohort Study” by Chen et al. (1) that posted online on July 27, 2020, Figure 1 was omitted. The article has been updated online. (Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - September 12, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Global Seasonal Influenza Mortality Estimates: A Comparison of 3 Different Approaches
AbstractPrior to updating global influenza-associated mortality estimates, the World Health Organization convened a consultation in July 2017 to understand differences in methodology and implications for results of 3 influenza mortality projects from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Netherlands Institute for Health Service Research ’s Global Pandemic Mortality Project II (GLaMOR), and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The expert panel reviewed estimates and discussed differences in data sources, analysis, and modeling assumptions. We performed a comparison analysis of the...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - September 11, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Re: “covid-19 in health-care workers: a living systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes”
In the original version of the article “COVID-19 in Health-Care Workers: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes” by Gómez-Ochoa et al. (1) that posted online on September 1, 2020, an incorrect figure was used as Figure 1. The article has been updated online. (Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - September 11, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Re: “mediation by placental dna methylation of the association of prenatal maternal smoking and birth weight”
In the article by Cardenas et al. (1), print Figures 1A and 1B were originally posted as the Web material. These have been replaced with the correct Web material files. (Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - September 5, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
