Significance and Application of Light Therapy Based on Photoreceptors to the Regulation of Fat Metabolism

AbstractPurpose of ReviewObesity alters the metabolic and endocrine functions of adipose tissues and increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Reducing the volume of white adipose tissue (WAT) and activating the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are potential therapeutic approaches to treating and preventing obesity. This review aims to investigate the efficacy of photoreceptor-dependent light therapy targeting adipose tissues.Recent FindingsTo reduce the volume of WAT, phototherapy is performed for cosmetic purposes via low-level laser-assisted lipoplasty. However, the underlying mechanisms of such therapy have not been evaluated. Recently, photoreceptor opsins have been found to be expressed in both WAT and BAT. Opsins expressed in adipose tissues are capable of sensing light, and molecular signaling induced by this photoreception modulates the metabolic functions of adipose tissues. Light stimulation via opsins initiates G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, increases the rate of lipolysis in WAT, and activates thermogenesis in BAT. These functional changes in adipose tissues upregulate whole-body energy expenditure.SummaryPhotoreceptor opsins expressed in WAT and BAT respond to light to initiate GPCR-related signaling and increase metabolic activity. Opsins in adipose tissues are thus potential targets for phototherapy in the treatment and prevention of obesity and associated disorders. These findings offer a potential molecular foundation for...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - Category: Dentistry Source Type: research