Increasing transforming growth factor-beta concentrations with age decrease apelin in the rat rotator cuff

The rotator cuff undergoes natural degeneration with age, leading to age-related rotator cuff tear; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- β) concentrations rise w...

Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research - August 31, 2021 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ryo Tazawa, Kentaro Uchida, Tomonori Kenmoku, Mitsufumi Nakawaki, Kyoko Muneshige, Daisuke Ishii, Gen Inoue and Masashi Takaso Tags: Research article Source Type: research