Moderate-to-heavy smoking in women is potentially associated with compromised cortical porosity and stiffness at the distal radius

ConclusionSkeletal effects of smoking become evident at the micron level through a structurally and mechanically compromised cortical compartment, which partially explains the inconsistent results observed at the macro-level, and the poor clinical outcomes. Smoking may also compound postmenopausal effects on bone potentially placing women having undergone menopause at a greater risk for fracture.

https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11657-018-0504-y

Source: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery - August 23, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research