Admission vs Observation

Could someone please explain the difference between observation & admission status? I guess there are some new rules where the admitting doctor has to explain to the patient why they are NOT being admitted if they are placed under observation. Ideally, I'd like to understand it under the context of different insurances, Private PPO, HMO, Medicare, Medicaid. And how it affects the hospital, ED physician, and patient. thanks in advance!
Source: Student Doctor Network - Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Source Type: forums