Current concepts in the management of exertional heat stroke in athletes

Exertional heat stroke is a severe heat illness involving the central nervous system and other organ systems induced by strenuous exercise, usually in hot and humid environments, associated with an elevation in core body temperature. By definition, exertional heat stroke is present when the core body temperature measured rectally exceeds 105 degrees F and central nervous system dysfunction is present. If recognized early and treated promptly, deaths from exertional heat stroke are completely preventable. Despite the well-described management option of cooling the body with ice water immersion, which is affordable and easy to use, deaths from exertional heat stroke continue to occur. In the 5-year period from 2005–2009, more deaths related to exertional heat stroke in organized sports occurred than in any other 5-year period in the past 35 yr. In the summer of 2011 alone, six high school football players died from exertional heat stroke. Every individual involved in the care of athletes, particularly those participating in hot and humid environments, must be aware of signs and symptoms of exertional heat stroke and understand the importance of prompt treatment to prevent catastrophic outcomes.
Source: Current Orthopaedic Practice - Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research