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Source: BMJ Open

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Total 1639 results found since Jan 2013.

Natural course of pain and disability following primary lumbar discectomy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
The objective of this study is to provide first evidence synthesis investigating the natural clinical course of disability and pain in patients aged >16 years post primary lumbar discectomy. Methods and analysis A systematic review and data synthesis will be conducted. Prospective cohorts that include a well-defined inception cohort (point of surgery) of adult participants who have undergone primary lumbar discectomy/microdiscectomy will be included. Outcomes will include measurements reported on 1 or more outcomes of disability and pain, with a baseline presurgery measurement. Following development of the search ...
Source: BMJ Open - February 23, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Rushton, A., Heneghan, N., Heijmans, M. W., Staal, J. B., Goodwin, P. Tags: Open access, Rehabilitation medicine, Surgery Protocol Source Type: research

Costs, effects and implementation of routine data emergency admission risk prediction models in primary care for patients with, or at risk of, chronic conditions: a systematic review protocol
Introduction Emergency admission risk prediction models are increasingly used to identify patients, typically with one or more chronic conditions, for proactive management in primary care to avoid admissions, save costs and improve patient experience. Aim To identify and review the published evidence on the costs, effects and implementation of emergency admission risk prediction models in primary care for patients with, or at risk of, chronic conditions. Methods We shall search for studies of healthcare interventions using routine data-generated emergency admission risk models. We shall report: the effects on emergency a...
Source: BMJ Open - March 1, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Kingston, M. R., Evans, B. A., Nelson, K., Hutchings, H., Russell, I., Snooks, H. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, General practice / Family practice, Health informatics, Health services research, Public health Protocol Source Type: research

Interventions to prevent or reduce the level of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a protocol for a scoping review of the literature and international policies
Introduction With ageing comes increased vulnerability such that older adults’ ability to recover from acute illnesses, fall-related injuries and other stresses related to the physical ageing processes declines. This increased vulnerability, also known as frailty, is common in older adults and associated with increased healthcare service use and adverse health outcomes. Currently, there is no overview of available interventions to prevent or reduce the level of frailty (as defined by study's authors) which will help healthcare providers in community settings caring for older adults. We will address this gap by review...
Source: BMJ Open - March 2, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Puts, M. T. E., Toubasi, S., Atkinson, E., Ayala, A. P., Andrew, M., Ashe, M. C., Bergman, H., Ploeg, J., McGilton, K. S. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, General practice / Family practice, Geriatric medicine Protocol Source Type: research

Rehabilitation interventions in children and adults with infectious encephalitis: a systematic review protocol
Introduction Many encephalitis survivors can benefit from rehabilitation. However, there is currently no comprehensive review describing rehabilitation intervention outcomes among children and adults with infectious encephalitis. This is a protocol for a systematic review that will summarise the current literature on outcomes following rehabilitative interventions among children and adults with infectious encephalitis. With a sufficient sample size, a sex-stratified analysis of the findings will also be presented, as variability between male and female patients with neurological disorders, including encephalitis, regarding...
Source: BMJ Open - March 23, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Christie, S., Chan, V., Mollayeva, T., Colantonio, A. Tags: Open access, Infectious diseases, Neurology, Rehabilitation medicine Protocol Source Type: research

Does current provision of undergraduate education prepare UK medical students in ENT? A systematic literature review
Conclusions The findings of this review suggest the need for further development of the ENT undergraduate curricula across the UK. However, there is insufficient evidence from which to draw strong conclusions; this in itself is beneficial as it highlights a gap in the existing literature and supports the need for primary research.
Source: BMJ Open - April 14, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Ferguson, G. R., Bacila, I. A., Swamy, M. Tags: Open access, Ear, nose and throat/otolaryngology, Medical education and training Research Source Type: research

Intrathecal hyperbaric versus isobaric bupivacaine for adult non-caesarean-section surgery: systematic review protocol
Introduction Bupivacaine is the most commonly used local anaesthetic for spinal anaesthesia (SA). There are two forms of commercially available bupivacaine; isobaric bupivacaine (IB): a formulation with a specific gravity or density equal to cerebrospinal fluid, and hyperbaric bupivacaine (HB): a formulation with density heavier than cerebrospinal fluid. The difference in densities of the two available preparations is believed to affect the diffusion pattern that determines the effectiveness, spread and side-effect profile of bupivacaine. This systematic review will summarise the best available evidence regarding the effec...
Source: BMJ Open - May 17, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Uppal, V., Shanthanna, H., Prabhakar, C., McKeen, D. M. Tags: Open access, Anaesthesia, Evidence based practice Protocol Source Type: research

Effectiveness of {beta}-blockers in physically active patients with hypertension: protocol of a systematic review
The objective of this review is to determine, by comparison of existing mono and combination therapy, which β-blockers are less physically limiting for patients with hypertension who are physically active. Methods A three-step strategy will be adopted in the review, following the methods used by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The initial search will be conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The second search will involve the listed databases for the published literature (MEDLINE, Biomedica Czechoslovaca, Tripdatabase, Pedro, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cinahl, WoS) and t...
Source: BMJ Open - June 14, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Tuckova, D., Klugar, M., Sovova, E., Sovova, M., Stegnerova, L. Tags: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Evidence based practice Protocol Source Type: research

Making decisions at the end of life when caring for a person with dementia: a literature review to explore the potential use of heuristics in difficult decision-making
Conclusions The use of heuristics in palliative or end of life dementia care is not described in the research literature. However, this review identified important decision-making principles, which are largely a reflection of expert opinion. These principles may have the potential to be developed into simple heuristics that could be used in practice.
Source: BMJ Open - July 18, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mathew, R., Davies, N., Manthorpe, J., Iliffe, S. Tags: Open access, General practice / Family practice, Geriatric medicine, Mental health, Palliative care Research Source Type: research

Investigating the epidemiology of medication errors and error-related adverse drug events (ADEs) in primary care, ambulatory care and home settings: a systematic review protocol
Introduction There is a need to better understand the epidemiology of medication errors and error-related adverse events in community care contexts. Methods and analysis We will systematically search the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the WHO (EMRO), MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. In addition, we will search Google Scholar and contact an international panel of experts to search for unpublished and in progress work. The searches will cover the time period January 1990–December 2015 and will yield data on t...
Source: BMJ Open - August 30, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Assiri, G. A., Grant, L., Aljadhey, H., Sheikh, A. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, General practice / Family practice, Pharmacology and therapeutics, Public health Protocol Source Type: research

Effect of religious involvement on cognition from a life-course perspective: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Introduction Preserving cognitive health is a crucial aspect of healthy ageing. Both abnormal and normal cognitive decline can adversely affect the health of ageing populations. Evidence suggests religious involvement (RI) can preserve cognition in ageing populations. The primary purpose of this review is to examine the evidence regarding the association between RI and cognition from a life-course perspective. Methods and analysis This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42016032331). We will search MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO and EMBASE, and include primary studies with a ...
Source: BMJ Open - September 5, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hosseini, S., Chaurasia, A., Cooke, M., Oremus, M. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, Evidence based practice, Neurology, Public health Protocol Source Type: research

Prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Introduction Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common and potentially lethal problem among mechanically ventilated neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The main pathogenic bacteria of VAP in NICUs are Gram-negative pathogens, which show a general decline in sensitivities to commonly used antibiotics, but their true prevalence is not known. Methods and analysis We aim to provide a systematic review of studies measuring the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in VAP in NICUs. We will search PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and the ISI Web of Science, as well as the Google Scholar search engine with no restrict...
Source: BMJ Open - October 10, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Erfani, Y., Rasti, A., Janani, L. Tags: Open access, Diagnostics, Infectious diseases, Intensive care Protocol Source Type: research

Barriers and facilitators to physical activity in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Introduction This protocol aims to describe the objective and methods to be followed in a systematic review of qualitative studies on barriers and facilitators to physical activity (PA) in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods and analysis MEDLINE, EMBASE, PhychINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and grey literature sources will be electronically searched. Hand search of qualitative research-centred journals, reference screening of relevant reviews and inquiries to researchers active in the field will complement the search. Studies will be selected if they apply qualitative or mixed-methods de...
Source: BMJ Open - November 2, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Kanavaki, A. M., Rushton, A., Klocke, R., Abhishek, A., Duda, J. L., Efstathiou Tags: Open access, Research methods, Rheumatology Protocol Source Type: research

75: hpv infection in women: knowledge, attitudes and behaviors and the implications for libyan healthcare
Conclusion: From the literature review it has been found that there is a wide range of reported levels of knowledge about HPV internationally. This project demonstrated significant gaps in knowledge among many women worldwide about genital and HPV infection which varies according to ethnicity, socio-economic and other demographic characteristics Australian women in the literature seemed to be well informed about genital infection and HPV and this can possibly be attributed to the broad educational campaign about HPV connected to their vaccination campaign. Moreover, Dermatologists need robust to acquire new skills in const...
Source: BMJ Open - February 7, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Elghblawi, D. E. Tags: Open access Poster Source Type: research

5: a survey on information derivation techniques of post-graduate student of tabriz university of medical science in 2015
Conclusion: The study did not find differences between male and female students information seeking skills. The students' attitudes towards using databases and search tools were different among M.Sc. and Doctoral students. There were no statistically significant differences between the students' educational level and their aim for information searching as well as the educational level and the limitations they face in searching information. The biggest complaint of students was the speed of internet connection in all level, and access to core databases. Therefore it is suggested to promote the internet connection speed and ...
Source: BMJ Open - February 7, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Sohrabi, Z.-S., Gavgani, V. Z. Tags: Open access Poster Source Type: research

Prevalence of latent TB infection and TB disease among adolescents in high TB burden countries in Africa: a systematic review protocol
Introduction Almost a third of the world population has latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI), ~10 million of whom develop TB disease annually, despite existence of effective, but lengthy, preventive and curative drug regimens. Although adolescents appear to have a very high force of LTBI, their reported incidence of TB disease is less than that of their corresponding general population. The few available studies on adolescent TB infection and disease prevalence are not sufficient to address the apparent discordance between rates of infection and disease in high TB burden countries in Africa. Therefore, we aim to perfo...
Source: BMJ Open - March 9, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bunyasi, E. W., Schmidt, B.-M., Abdullahi, L. H., Mulenga, H., Tameris, M., Luabeya, A., Shenje, J., Scriba, T., Geldenhuys, H., Wood, R., Hatherill, M. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, Evidence based practice, Global health, Infectious diseases, Public health, Research methods Protocol Source Type: research