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Ah Receptor Signaling Controls the Expression of Cardiac Development and Homeostasis Genes
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality and one of the leading causes of newborn death throughout the world. Despite much emerging scientific information, the precise etiology of this disease remains elusive. Here, we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) regulates the expression of crucial cardiogenesis genes and that interference with endogenous AHR functions, either by gene ablation or by agonist exposure during early development, causes overlapping structural and functional cardiac abnormalities that lead to altered fetal heart physiology, including higher heart rates, right and...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - September 25, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Carreira, V. S., Fan, Y., Wang, Q., Zhang, X., Kurita, H., Ko, C.-I., Naticchioni, M., Jiang, M., Koch, S., Medvedovic, M., Xia, Y., Rubinstein, J., Puga, A. Tags: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mediation of Heart Development Source Type: research

Test of the Usefulness of a Paradigm to Identify Potential Cardiovascular Liabilities of Four Test Articles With Varying Pharmacological Properties in Anesthetized Guinea Pigs
This study aimed to establish the feasibility of an anesthetized guinea pig preparation to assess functional liabilities in the setting of simultaneous drug-induced electrocardiographic/hemodynamic changes, by evaluating the effects of various compounds with known cardiovascular properties on direct and indirect indices of left ventricular function. In short, twenty nine male guinea pigs were instrumented to measure electrocardiograms, systemic arterial pressure, and left ventricular pressure-volume relationships. After baseline measurement, all animals were given intravenous infusions of vehicle and two escalating concent...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 31, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kijtawornrat, A., Ueyama, Y., del Rio, C., Sawangkoon, S., Buranakarl, C., Chaiyabutr, N., Hamlin, R. L. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Mapping Acute Systemic Effects of Inhaled Particulate Matter and Ozone: Multiorgan Gene Expression and Glucocorticoid Activity
Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between air pollution and adverse effects that extend beyond respiratory and cardiovascular disease, including low birth weight, appendicitis, stroke, and neurological/neurobehavioural outcomes (e.g., neurodegenerative disease, cognitive decline, depression, and suicide). To gain insight into mechanisms underlying such effects, we mapped gene profiles in the lungs, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, cerebral hemisphere, and pituitary of male Fischer-344 rats immediately and 24h after a 4-h exposure by inhalation to particulate matter (0, 5, and 50mg/m3 EHC-93 urban p...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - August 21, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Thomson, E. M., Vladisavljevic, D., Mohottalage, S., Kumarathasan, P., Vincent, R. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Diesel Exhaust Inhalation Increases Cardiac Output, Bradyarrhythmias, and Parasympathetic Tone in Aged Heart Failure-Prone Rats
This study demonstrates that cardiac effects of DE inhalation are likely to occur through changes in autonomic balance associated with modulation of cardiac electrophysiology and mechanical function and may offer insights into the adverse health effects of traffic-related air pollutants.
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Carll, A. P., Lust, R. M., Hazari, M. S., Perez, C. M., Krantz, Q. T., King, C. J., Winsett, D. W., Cascio, W. E., Costa, D. L., Farraj, A. K. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Effects of Ozone and Particulate Matter on Cardiac Mechanics: Role of the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Gene
A positive association between air pollution exposure and increased human risk of chronic heart disease progression is well established. In the current study, we test two hypotheses: (1) the cardiac compensatory changes in response to air pollution are dependent on its composition and (2) specific cardiac adaptations are regulated by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). We address these hypotheses by initially examining the exposure effects of ozone (O3) and/or particulate matter (PM) on cardiac function in C57Bl/6J (B6) mice. Subsequently, the results are compared with cardiac functional changes to the same exposures in Nppa...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 4, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Tankersley, C. G., Georgakopoulos, D., Tang, W.-Y., Abston, E., Bierman, A., Sborz, N. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research