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Total 262 results found since Jan 2013.

Two (or more) sides of a coin
There has been a lot of controversy concerning the prognostic role of obesity on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several studies with cardiovascular patients (heart failure, coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral artery diseases, hypertension and atrial fibrillation) have reported better or similar risk of cardiovascular events and mortality among overweight and obese individuals as compared to lean ones.1 Since obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, these findings initially surprised researchers, who coined the term ‘obesity paradox’. The increasingly debated ‘metabo...
Source: Heart - August 21, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Beleigoli, A., Diniz, M. d. F. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research

Increased risk of coronary heart disease in patients with chronic osteomyelitis: a population-based study in a cohort of 23 million
Conclusions This study demonstrates that COM is an independent risk factor for CHD, particularly in the younger population. Further studies are necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms linking COM and CHD.
Source: Heart - August 21, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hsiao, L.-C., Muo, C.-H., Chen, Y.-C., Chou, C.-Y., Tseng, C.-H., Chang, K.-C. Tags: Health policy, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension, Epidemiology, Metabolic disorders Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

Molecular imaging of atherosclerosis: clinical state-of-the-art
Physicians depend greatly on imaging techniques that help them make clinical decisions. However, when a diagnosis is made on the basis of anatomical imaging alone, the disease process has often advanced beyond the point where preventative therapy can be applied. In many cardiovascular diseases, it is vital to detect pathological and normal processes at an early, subclinical stage, to enable early and improved diagnosis, prediction and treatment (figure 1A). This is particularly relevant to atherosclerosis, which can be clinically silent for decades and then manifest suddenly as an acute myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke...
Source: Heart - August 21, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jaffer, F. A., Verjans, J. W. Tags: Non-invasive imaging, Education in Heart, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Acute coronary syndromes, Clinical diagnostic tests Source Type: research

Diabetes, incretin hormones and cardioprotection
The diabetes pandemic In 2012 an estimated 371 million people had diabetes and of those about a half were undiagnosed. That number is set to expand to 552 million by 2030. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes 85–95% of all diabetes in high income nations and may account for an even greater proportion in their low and middle income counterparts (figure 1). As a global pandemic, diabetes claimed the lives of 4.8 million people in 2012, half of whom were below the age of 60 years.w1 The predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes is cardiovascular disease, with at least a twofold excess risk of ...
Source: Heart - September 9, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Myat, A., Redwood, S. R., Gersh, B. J., Yellon, D. M., Marber, M. S. Tags: Diabetic heart disease, Education in Heart, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Epidemiology, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders Source Type: research

Body fat percentage, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of mortality and cardiovascular disease
Conclusions Once BMI and WHR are taken into account, fat percentage does not add to prediction of mortality or CVD in middle-aged and older-aged adults.
Source: Heart - September 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Myint, P. K., Kwok, C. S., Luben, R. N., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K.-T. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Cardiovascular highlights from non-cardiology journals
Niacin fails to prevent cardiovascular events Observational studies have consistently demonstrated that levels of LDL cholesterol directly correlate with cardiovascular risk while HDL levels are inversely related to cardiovascular risk. Niacin is known to reduce LDL levels and concurrently raise HDL levels. In the HPS2-THRIVE study, 25,673 patients with a background of vascular disease were randomized to receive 2 g of extended-release niacin and 40 mg of laropiprant (an anti-flushing agent) or a matching placebo daily. Prior to starting the study, in a run-in phase, background statin therapy was standardized wit...
Source: Heart - September 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bradley, S. M. Tags: Journal scan Source Type: research

Low dietary sodium in heart failure: a need for scientific rigour
There is much evidence that higher sodium intake is associated with elevated blood pressure and there is a strong likelihood that the relationship between excess dietary sodium intake and hypertension is causal.1–3 Corresponding evidence from clinical trials shows that significant reductions in blood pressure can be achieved by lowering dietary sodium consumption in groups with hypertension as well as among normotensive individuals.4 With high blood pressure identified as the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the world, responsible for more than 60% of stroke events and almost 50% of coronary heart disease,5...
Source: Heart - October 11, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jun, M., Neal, B. Tags: Electronic page Source Type: research

ST2 may not be a useful predictor for incident cardiovascular events, heart failure and mortality
Conclusions In a healthy general population from Finland, sST2 did not improve long-term prediction of cardiovascular events including heart failure or all-cause mortality.
Source: Heart - October 11, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hughes, M. F., Appelbaum, S., Havulinna, A. S., Jagodzinski, A., Zeller, T., Kee, F., Blankenberg, S., Salomaa, V., on behalf of the FINRISK and BiomarCaRE investigators Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Prognostic impact of ss-blocker use in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Conclusions In this observational study of patients with stable CAD, the use of ß-blockers was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Source: Heart - October 19, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bauters, C., Lemesle, G., Meurice, T., Tricot, O., de Groote, P., Lamblin, N. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

Peripheral neuropathy and the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Conclusions PN is associated with increased risk for a first cardiovascular event among individuals with diabetes.
Source: Heart - November 9, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brownrigg, J. R. W., de Lusignan, S., McGovern, A., Hughes, C., Thompson, M. M., Ray, K. K., Hinchliffe, R. J. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Heart failure, Hypertension, Acute coronary syndromes, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders, Tobacco use Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Aortic stenosis: flow matters
The presence of a low transvalvular pressure gradient (<40 mm Hg) in conjunction with a small aortic valve area (AVA ≤1 cm2) is a challenging situation as it raises uncertainty about the actual severity of aortic stenosis (AS) and therefore about the indication of aortic valve replacement (AVR) if the patient is symptomatic. This low-gradient ‘severe’ (small AVA) AS entity may in fact be related to: (i) measurement errors: underestimation of stroke volume (SV), AVA and/or gradient;S1 (ii) small body size: a small AVA in a small patient may correspond to moderate AS and low gradient; (iii) i...
Source: Heart - December 12, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pibarot, P. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Echocardiography, Hypertension, Aortic valve disease, Mitral valve disease, Right sided valvular heart disease, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research

RV-pulmonary arterial coupling predicts outcome in patients referred for pulmonary hypertension
Conclusions The adequacy of RV functional adaptation to afterload predicts survival in patients referred for PH. Whether this can simply be evaluated using RV volumetric imaging will require additional confirmation.
Source: Heart - December 12, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Vanderpool, R. R., Pinsky, M. R., Naeije, R., Deible, C., Kosaraju, V., Bunner, C., Mathier, M. A., Lacomis, J., Champion, H. C., Simon, M. A. Tags: Hypertension Pulmonary vascular disease Source Type: research

How do we improve outcomes in cardiac surgery patients with preoperative anaemia?
Introduction The development of the evidence base to underpin patient blood management, or the safe and effective management of anaemia and severe bleeding, is considered a priority area for research in cardiac surgery. This is because anaemia and severe bleeding are common in this setting, are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and, despite the evaluation of many patient blood management interventions in clinical trials over the last 30 years, few have been shown to be clinically effective in terms of improving prognosis.1 The clinical problem In cardiac surgery, anaemia is a significant health problem; as man...
Source: Heart - January 5, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Murphy, G. J. Tags: Interventional cardiology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research

Sex differences in cardiovascular outcome during progression of aortic valve stenosis
Conclusions In the SEAS study, women and men had similar rates of AS progression and AS-related events. However, women had lower total mortality and ischaemic CV event rate than men independent of confounders. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00092677.
Source: Heart - January 14, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Cramariuc, D., Rogge, B. P., Lonnebakken, M. T., Boman, K., Bahlmann, E., Gohlke-Barwolf, C., Chambers, J. B., Pedersen, T. R., Gerdts, E. Tags: Open access, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Echocardiography, Hypertension, Interventional cardiology, Aortic valve disease, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Valvular heart disease Source Type: research

Cardiovascular highlights from non-cardiology journals
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Beyond 1-year after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Stable Coronary Artery Disease Results in Harm The benefit of extended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncertain. The ARTIC-Interruption Trial examined discontinuation of DAPT at 1-year after PCI vs continuation for an additional 6–18 months. The study randomized patients 1-year after PCI to continuation (N=635) or interruption (N=624) groups, and examined the primary composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, stroke, or urgent revascularization over a med...
Source: Heart - January 14, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bradley, S. M. Tags: Journal scan Source Type: research