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Salts of Clopidogrel: Investigation to Ensure Clinical Equivalence: A 12-Month Randomized Clinical Trial
Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of CB administered for 12 months for the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events are similar to that of CHS. (Salts of Clopidogrel: Investigation to ENsure Clinical Equivalence, SCIENCE trial; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02126982).
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - October 4, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ntalas, I. V., Kalantzi, K. I., Tsoumani, M. E., Bourdakis, A., Charmpas, C., Christogiannis, Z., Dimoulis, N., Draganigos, A., Efthimiadis, I., Giannakoulas, G., Giatrakos, I., Giogiakas, V., Goumas, G., Hatziathanasiou, G., Kazakos, E., Kipouridis, N., Tags: Clinical Study Source Type: research

Impact of Chronic Nitrate Therapy in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure
Conclusion: Long-term nitrates use in patients with ischemic HF was associated with higher occurrence of ischemic events, defined as fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Our results, although from a retrospective analysis, do not support a role for chronic nitrate use in HF.
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - August 4, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Moreira-Silva, S., Urbano, J., Nogueira-Silva, L., Bettencourt, P., Pimenta, J. Tags: Clinical Study Source Type: research

Effects of Combined Milrinone and Levosimendan Treatment on Systolic and Diastolic Function During Postischemic Myocardial Dysfunction in a Porcine Model
It is not known whether there are positive or negative interactions on ventricular function when a calcium-sensitizing inotrope is added to a phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the clinical setting of acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. We hypothesized that when levosimendan is added to milrinone treatment, there will be synergetic inotropic and lusitropic effects. This was tested in an anesthetized porcine postischemic global LV injury model, where ventricular pressures and volumes (conductance volumetry) were measured. A global ischemic injury was induced by repetitive left main stem coronary artery occlusions. Load-ind...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - August 4, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Axelsson, B., Häggmark, S., Svenmarker, S., Johansson, G., Gupta, A., Tyden, H., Wouters, P., Haney, M. Tags: Experimental Studies Source Type: research

Choice of New Oral Anticoagulant Agents Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Atrial Fibrillation: FANTASIIA Study
Conclusion: Medical and social variables were associated with prescription of NOAC. Major bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, university education, and higher glomerular filtration rate were more frequent among patients under NOAC. On the contrary, patients with history of cancer or bradyarrhythmias more frequently received VKA.
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - February 24, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Moreno-Arribas, J., Bertomeu-Gonzalez, V., Anguita-Sanchez, M., Cequier, A., Muniz, J., Castillo, J., Sanchis, J., Roldan, I., Marin, F., Bertomeu-Martinez, V., on behalf of the investigators of the FANTASIIA study Tags: Clinical Studies Source Type: research

Tanshinone IIA Prevents Rat Basilar Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation by Inactivation of PDK1 During the Development of Hypertension
Basilar vascular smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) hyperplasia is a prominent feature of cerebrovascular remodeling and stroke during the development of hypertension. Tanshinone IIA (Tan) has been reported to exhibit a protective effect against the pathological features of hypertension. Previous studies have shown that phosphoinostitide-3 kinase (PI3K)/3'-phosphoinostitide dependent kinase (PDK1)/AKT pathway is involved in the regulation of proliferation of various cell types. Therefore, there may be a crosstalk between Tan antihypertension processes and PI3K/PDK1/AKT proliferative effect in BASMCs. To test this hypothesis, we ...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - October 7, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yu, Z.-L., Wang, J.-N., Wu, X.-H., Xie, H.-J., Han, Y., Guan, Y.-T., Qin, Y., Jiang, J.-M. Tags: Experimental Studies Source Type: research

Patterns of Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Who Have Experienced an Acute Coronary Event: A Descriptive Study in UK Primary Care
Conclusion: Although most patients were prescribed AP therapy in the 90 days following an acute coronary event, a substantial proportion discontinued DAT or ASA monotherapy within 1 year. It is essential that physicians consider strategies to reduce the risk of discontinuation of AP therapy.
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - June 17, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Saez, M. E., Gonzalez-Perez, A., Johansson, S., Nagy, P., Rodriguez, L. A. G. Tags: Clinical Studies Source Type: research

Genotype-Guided Dosing of Coumarin Anticoagulants: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that genotype-guided dosing increased the effectiveness and safety of coumarin therapy compared with standard dosing but did not have advantages compared with clinical variables-guided dosing.
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - June 17, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tang, T., Liu, J., Zuo, K., Cheng, J., Chen, L., Lu, C., Han, S., Xu, J., Jia, Z., Ye, M., Pei, E., Zhang, X., Li, M. Tags: Clinical Studies Source Type: research

Looking into the Crystal Ball--Upcoming Drugs for Dyslipidemia
Dyslipidaemia is a critical risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. Although statins are effective anti-dyslipidemic drugs, their usage is fraught with issues such as failure of adequate lipid control in 30% of cases and intolerance in select patients. The limited potential of other alternatives such as fibrates, bile acid sequestrants and niacin has spurred the search for novel drug molecules with better efficacy and safety. CETP inhibitors such as evacetrapib and anacetrapib have shown promise in raising HDL besides LDL lowering property. Microsomal trigl...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 8, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: George, M., Selvarajan, S., Muthukumar, R., Elangovan, S. Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

The Role of Rivaroxaban in Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Coronary Syndromes
Rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, is a novel oral anticoagulant approved for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and also approved in Europe (but not in the United States) to prevent recurrent ischemic events in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes. Advantages of rivaroxaban over oral anticoagulants such as warfarin are the lack of need for ongoing monitoring, a fixed-dose regimen, and fewer drug and food interactions. Drawbacks include a lack of an antidote and the absence of a widely available method to reliably monitor the anticoagulant effect. In patients at risk of stro...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - October 15, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Reddy, P., Giugliano, R. P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Edoxaban: Review of Pharmacology and Key Phase I to III Clinical Trials
Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) remain the standard therapy for anticoagulation in prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF). Due to numerous limitations of VKAs, target-specific oral anticoagulants have been developed. Edoxaban is a direct activated factor X inhibitor with attractive features among which are once daily dosing, no need for routine monitoring, and minimal drug–drug interactions. In patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, edoxaban was superior to enoxaparin in preventing VTE. Furthermore, a recent large-scale phase III trial in pa...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - August 13, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Plitt, A., Giugliano, R. P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Diuretics: A Review and Update
In conclusion, diuretics are a diverse class of drugs that remain extremely important in the management of hypertension and hypervolemic states.
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 17, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Roush, G. C., Kaur, R., Ernst, M. E. Tags: Cardiovascular Pharmacology Core Reviews Source Type: research

Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Cardiovascular Disease
Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) confers an increased risk of thromboembolism, with a 5-fold higher risk of ischemic stroke. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) has shown to be highly effective in preventing stroke and mortality compared to placebo and is also used in patients without AF for both treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. The OAC halts the coagulation by different mechanisms. Until recently, the only option was the vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), but their inherent limitations have promoted the development of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), which may offer efficacious and safer alternatives. Patients...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 17, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gallego, P., Roldan, V., Lip, G. Y. H. Tags: Cardiovascular Pharmacology Core Reviews Source Type: research

Updates in Antiplatelet Agents Used in Cardiovascular Diseases
Conclusions: In the last 5 years, newer antiplatelet agents, including prasugrel and ticagrelor, have been demonstrated to reduce recurrent cardiovascular events compared to standard therapy and, however, also caused increase bleeding in selected patient populations. Newer agents including shorter acting P2Y12 inhibitor or antiplatelets that target other receptors are being evaluated to improve/maintain therapeutic efficacy yet minimize the risk of bleeding.
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - November 8, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Cheng, J. W. M. Tags: Cardiovascular Pharmacology Core Reviews Source Type: research

Lipid-Lowering Agents
The role of lipid lowering in reducing the risk of mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well established. Treatment particularly aimed at decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is effective in reducing the risk of death from coronary heart disease and stroke. Statins form the cornerstone of treatment. However, in some individuals with a high risk of CVD who are unable to achieve their target LDL-C due to either intolerance or lack of efficacy, there is the need for alternative therapies. This review provides an overview of the different classes of currently available lipid-lowering m...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - August 12, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ewang-Emukowhate, M., Wierzbicki, A. S. Tags: Cardiovascular Pharmacology Core Review Source Type: research