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Source: Forensic Science International
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Total 39 results found since Jan 2013.
Meade (Diptera: Muscidae) newly reported from a human cadaver: A case report and larval morphology
Precise species identification of adult insects and larvae inhabiting dead bodies is a vital first step in the analysis of insect evidence in any forensic case [1]. Furthermore, the advance of forensic entomology knowledge is based on proper species identification of material collected during carrion succession experiments. Thus one of the most important tasks for forensic entomologists is to provide accurate identifications of arthropods associated with cadavers. The association of adult and immature stages of Muscidae with human bodies has been documented in legal cases and carrion succession experiments many times.
Source: Forensic Science International - July 23, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Andrzej Grzywacz, Anders Lindström, Martin J.R. Hall Source Type: research
The first report of (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) in a forensic case, with redescription of its pupa
The contribution of forensic entomology to forensic practice has been widely documented and in some cases has provided interesting results on the fauna related to corpses (e.g. [1–8] among many others). The most interesting application to forensic practice deals with the estimation of a minimum post-mortem interval (PMImin) on the basis of entomological evidence recovered from the corpse or the forensic scene. Such estimation can be made taking into account the larval development of the species feeding on the corpse, as well as the succession model of the sarcosaprophagous fauna.
Source: Forensic Science International - July 29, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: María-Isabel Arnaldos, Nicolás Ubero-Pascal, Rafael García, Miguel Carles-Tolrá, Juan-José Presa, María-Dolores García Source Type: research
Hydrocarbon profiles throughout adult Calliphoridae aging: A promising tool for forensic entomology
Blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) adults are primary colonizers of decomposing vertebrate remains (e.g., swine carcasses and human cadavers) and are commonly the first forensically important insect taxa to arrive at cadavers post-mortem. Forensic entomologists can use the predictable succession patterns, as determined by adult insect arrival (e.g., flies then beetles) and colonization patterns, along with the subsequent dipteran larval development to estimate a minimum post-mortem interval (PMImin) range.
Source: Forensic Science International - October 14, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Jennifer L. Pechal, Hannah Moore, Falko Drijfhout, M. Eric Benbow Source Type: research
A safe, free and efficient way to control , a common pest in forensic entomology laboratories
Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a small (1-1.5mm long) parasitoid wasp well known to forensic entomologists. These insects are parasitoids of necrophagous blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and fleshfly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) pupae [1]–[6]. Adult wasps have a well-developed sense of smell, and females can locate blowfly pupae hidden in the soil or under shelters [3]. The wasps lay eggs inside the puparium, and the wasp larvae develop by feeding on the living fly nympha.
Source: Forensic Science International - October 13, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: D. Charabidze Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research
First record of genus Dahl (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with rabbit carcasses placed in concealed environments in Malaysia
Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) are the most diversified insect family with astounding broad spectrum of habitats and morphologies [1]. There are many species recorded as feeders on decomposing vertebrates/invertebrates and decaying organic matters, including human corpses [2–7]. In forensic entomology, scuttle flies due to their small size are able to enter narrow openings of concealed environments to breed on human corpses. This feature may allow investigators to use scuttle flies as preferred specimens to estimate post mortem interval (PMI) [8].
Source: Forensic Science International - November 1, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Raja Muhammad Zuha, See Huong Wen, R. Henry L. Disney, Baharudin Omar Tags: Rapid Communication Source Type: research
Forensic entomology of decomposing humans and their decomposing pets
Statistics from the American Veterinary Medical Association show that 36.5% of households own at least one dog and 30.4% of households own at least one cat in the United States [1]. Thus pets being found with a decedent during the course of routine death investigations are not surprising. Scene investigations of unattended deaths occurring inside locked residences comprise a large portion of the routine death investigations handled by a medical examiner's office. At these types of scenes, pets may be trapped inside with the decedent for extended periods of time.
Source: Forensic Science International - December 8, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Michelle R. Sanford Tags: Case Report Source Type: research
New developmental data for (L., 1761) in Belgium (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
For over a century, flesh flies and blow flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae) have been important auxiliaries of forensic entomology, as they help solve cases [1–6]. The accumulated degree-days method (ADD) is one tool used to evaluate minimum Post-mortem Interval (PMI) using these insects. Although this method has been used in various contexts [7–11], Marchenko [12] was the first to estimate the developmental rates of 10 necrophagous fly species using a temperature sum, following the accumulated degree-day model.
Source: Forensic Science International - April 22, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Y. Braet, L. Bourguignon, S. Vanpoucke, V. Drome, F. Hubrecht Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research
Use of DNA Sequences to Identify Forensically Important Fly Species and Their Distribution in the Coastal Region of Central California
Accurate species identification and up-to-date locality information are essential for the effective application of forensic entomology in criminal investigations, and an ever growing body of research has shown molecular data to be one of the fastest and most reliable methods of accomplishing species-level identification [1,2]. Historically, a 304bp sequence of the COI region of mtDNA was used for calliphorid identification [3]; more recent forensic studies have utilized the the 658 ‘barcode’ COI fragment [4–7].
Source: Forensic Science International - May 12, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Angie Nakano, Jeff Honda Source Type: research
Experimental study of (Diptera Calliphoridae) larval development on rat cadavers: effects of climate and chemical contamination
Forensic entomology estimates the time of death by colonization of the corpse with necrophagous insects. However, cadaver accessibility [1], weather conditions [2,3] and chemical contamination [4,5] affect the insect pre-appearance interval (PAI), i.e., the time elapsed between death and the colonization by necrophagous insects [6]. Marchenko [7] showed that gas, paint or a lubricant disrupted the arrival and the larval development of Calliphorid flies. In a 2009 study, Charabidze et al. [4] demonstrated that household products delayed the appearance of flies on a corpse.
Source: Forensic Science International - June 17, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Cindy Aubernon, Damien Charabidzé, Cédric Devigne, Yann Delannoy, Didier Gosset Source Type: research
A review of necrophagous insects colonising human and animal cadavers in south-east Queensland, Australia
A common legal challenge for forensic entomology relates to the scientific validity of substituting vertebrate remains for human remains in baseline studies [1]. Due to the legal and ethical issues of using human cadavers for research, forensic entomologists have used a variety of vertebrate animals (Table 1) to observe insect succession and generate the baseline data used for post mortem interval estimates in medicolegal cases. Pigs are by far the most internationally accepted human
Source: Forensic Science International - August 7, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Julianne F. Farrell, Andrew E. Whittington, Myron P. Zalucki Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research
Technical Note: “Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA approaches for reliable identification of (Diptera, Calliphoridae) species of forensic interest from Southern Europe”
The critical prerequisite for the accurate practice of forensic entomology is unequivocal identification of collected insects in criminal casework because the most significant application is estimation of the oviposition date, which is linked to the post-mortem interval (PMI) [1,2]. Moreover, each bio-geographical region exhibits a distinctive specific composition, adapted to the environmental conditions and seasonality, with a developmental rate that is characteristic of the species [3–5]. Morphological diagnosis based on external features may be very difficult due to physical similarities, particularly in immature stag...
Source: Forensic Science International - October 21, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Maite GilArriortua, Marta I. Saloña-Bordas, Laura M. Cainé, Fátima Pinheiro, Marian M. de Pancorbo Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of the forensically important family Piophilidae (Diptera) from different European locations
A main application of forensic entomology is to provide evidence for the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) of a body on the basis of its necrophagous insect fauna [1–3]. The PMImin is estimated by calculating the age of the immature necrophagous insects that develop on the corpse [4]. For this purpose, temperature conditions at the crime scene must be estimated and the species has to be identified. The latter can be hampered by a gap in knowledge about the specific group of insects present and a lack of relevant taxonomic keys, which are necessary to perform the identification.
Source: Forensic Science International - December 28, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Barbara Karolina Zajac, Daniel Martin-Vega, Nina Feddern, Heike Fremdt, Catharina Prado e Castro, Krzysztof Szpila, Frank Reckel, Svenja Schütt, Marcel A. Verhoff, Jens Amendt, Richard Zehner Source Type: research
Development and validation of a GC–MS method for nicotine detection in (L.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Entomotoxicology is a scientific term involving the combination of entomology and toxicology. One aspect of entomotoxicology examines the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms (insects) feeding on the remains of humans and other animals. [1] Toxicological substances (simply referred to as “drugs” in this study) present in remains can also enter necrophagous insects. Many of these drugs affect insects, altering their rate of development and survival. [2] In a forensic context, the identification of drugs in necrophagous insects may help determine the cause of death.
Source: Forensic Science International - February 1, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Paola A. Magni, Marco Pazzi, Marco Vincenti, Eugenio Alladio, Marco Brandimarte, Ian R. Dadour Source Type: research
Comparison of decomposition rates between autopsied and non-autopsied human remains
Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is an issue shared by many forensic science disciplines including anthropology, medicine, entomology, and microbiology, among others. In the past, numerous researchers have examined the rate and process of gross tissue modifications occurring in human remains during the PMI [1–24]. In these studies and others, copious intrinsic (e.g., body mass, cause of death) and extrinsic (e.g., abiotic environment, scavenger access, soil pH, depositional environment) factors have been identified that affect the rate, and sometimes pattern, of decomposition.
Source: Forensic Science International - February 15, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Lennon N. Bates, Daniel J. Wescott Source Type: research
Larval development rates of Chrysomya rufifacies Macquart, 1842 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) within its native range in South-East Asia
Forensic entomology is based on the use of developmental and distribution information of necrophagous insects, such as blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), to support crime scene investigations. As insects are poikilotherms, their development rates are strongly temperature dependent and are usually predictable [1]. Further, insects require a certain amount of heat unit-energy units (degree-days) to develop from one life stage to the other [2] and do not develop below or above certain threshold temperatures [3,4].
Source: Forensic Science International - May 10, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Surasuk Yanmanee, Martin Husemann, Mark Eric Benbow, Guntima Suwannapong Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research
