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DNA barcoding allows identification of European Fanniidae (Diptera) of forensic interest
Various arthropods have a close association with animal and human bodies. The aim of forensic entomology is to study the association of insects with cadavers and their biology for subsequent application in forensic practice [1]. Particularly, the use of entomological evidence allows for an accurate estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI), which often coincides with the period of insect activity [2]. Thus, accurate species identification is a prerequisite for any further analysis of the collected material [2,3].
Source: Forensic Science International - June 29, 2017 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Andrzej Grzywacz, Dominika Wyborska, Marcin Piwczy ński Source Type: research

Chronobiological studies on body search, oviposition and emergence of Megaselia scalaris (Diptera, Phoridae) in controlled conditions
Circadian clocks have evolved to synchronize physiology, metabolism and behaviour to the 24-h geophysical cycles of the Earth [1]. Though the chronobiology of diverse organisms from bacteria to humans has been studied, the preeminent circadian model both in the laboratory and under natural and semi-natural conditions is the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (e.g. [1 –3]). Understanding the circadian clock mechanism could play an important role in forensic entomology (where insects are used to obtain useful information for crime reconstruction) because it temporally gates behaviour such as locomotor activities, feeding, m...
Source: Forensic Science International - March 17, 2017 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: E. Bostock, E.W. Green, C.P. Kyriacou, S. Vanin Source Type: research

Insect succession on remains of human and animals in Shenzhen, China
Investigating insect succession, along with developmental study of carrion insects, constitutes some of the most fundamental and important work of forensic entomology. In the time since insect succession theory on carcasses was first proposed by M égnin [1], there have been a great number of studies on this field. Through these studies, the succession patterns under different types of environment have been observed, including land exposure [2,3], burying [4,5], indoor environments [6,7], vehicle environments [8], ponds and rivers [9,10], oce ans [11], dry environments [12,13], rainy seasons [14,15].
Source: Forensic Science International - December 27, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Yu Wang, Meng-yun Ma, Xin-yu Jiang, Jiang-feng Wang, Liang-liang Li, Xiao-jun Yin, Min Wang, Yue Lai, Lu-yang Tao Source Type: research

Optimising crime scene temperature collection for forensic entomology casework
The study of insects and other arthropods in a medico-legal context, also known as forensic entomology, is an essential tool in legal cases, especially in death enquiries [1]. Traditional forensic pathology methods for time of death estimation, using post-mortem changes such as rigor mortis, reach their limits within 48 –72hours after death [2]. At that point forensic entomology becomes particularly important as knowledge of insect biology, ecology and identification can provide information such as post-mortem body relocations, environmental conditions at death occurrence and, most importantly, estimation of a mi nimum p...
Source: Forensic Science International - November 16, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Ines M.J. Hofer, Andrew J. Hart, Daniel Mart ín-Vega, Martin J.R. Hall Source Type: research

Comparison of decomposition rates between autopsied and non-autopsied human remains
Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is an issue shared by many forensic science disciplines including anthropology, medicine, entomology, and microbiology, among others. In the past, numerous researchers have examined the rate and process of gross tissue modifications occurring in human remains during the PMI [1–24]. In these studies and others, copious intrinsic (e.g., body mass, cause of death) and extrinsic (e.g., abiotic environment, scavenger access, soil pH, depositional environment) factors have been identified that affect the rate, and sometimes pattern, of decomposition.
Source: Forensic Science International - February 15, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Lennon N. Bates, Daniel J. Wescott Source Type: research

Development and validation of a GC–MS method for nicotine detection in (L.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Entomotoxicology is a scientific term involving the combination of entomology and toxicology. One aspect of entomotoxicology examines the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms (insects) feeding on the remains of humans and other animals. [1] Toxicological substances (simply referred to as “drugs” in this study) present in remains can also enter necrophagous insects. Many of these drugs affect insects, altering their rate of development and survival. [2] In a forensic context, the identification of drugs in necrophagous insects may help determine the cause of death.
Source: Forensic Science International - February 1, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Paola A. Magni, Marco Pazzi, Marco Vincenti, Eugenio Alladio, Marco Brandimarte, Ian R. Dadour Source Type: research

A review of necrophagous insects colonising human and animal cadavers in south-east Queensland, Australia
A common legal challenge for forensic entomology relates to the scientific validity of substituting vertebrate remains for human remains in baseline studies [1]. Due to the legal and ethical issues of using human cadavers for research, forensic entomologists have used a variety of vertebrate animals (Table 1) to observe insect succession and generate the baseline data used for post mortem interval estimates in medicolegal cases. Pigs are by far the most internationally accepted human
Source: Forensic Science International - August 7, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Julianne F. Farrell, Andrew E. Whittington, Myron P. Zalucki Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research

Using Bacterial and Necrophagous Insect Dynamics for Post-Mortem Interval Estimation during Cold Season: Novel Case Study in Romania
Forensic entomology is a widely recognized, location dependent discipline used in many forensic investigations, particularly for the minimum post-mortem interval (PMImin) estimation [1–4]. Insects have served as physical evidence in numerous cases around the world, such as in the United Kingdom [5], United States of America [6], Canada [7], Italy [8] and Brazil [9], both during the early and extended post-mortem period [10]. Yet, in Romania, a country in southeastern Europe comprising approximately 240,000 square kilometers and 20 million inhabitants, forensic entomology is not used as an investigative tool nor do police...
Source: Forensic Science International - July 16, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Lavinia Iancu, David O. Carter, Emily N. Junkins, Cristina Purcarea Source Type: research

Experimental study of (Diptera Calliphoridae) larval development on rat cadavers: effects of climate and chemical contamination
Forensic entomology estimates the time of death by colonization of the corpse with necrophagous insects. However, cadaver accessibility [1], weather conditions [2,3] and chemical contamination [4,5] affect the insect pre-appearance interval (PAI), i.e., the time elapsed between death and the colonization by necrophagous insects [6]. Marchenko [7] showed that gas, paint or a lubricant disrupted the arrival and the larval development of Calliphorid flies. In a 2009 study, Charabidze et al. [4] demonstrated that household products delayed the appearance of flies on a corpse.
Source: Forensic Science International - June 17, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Cindy Aubernon, Damien Charabidzé, Cédric Devigne, Yann Delannoy, Didier Gosset Source Type: research

Do necrophagous blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) lay their eggs in wounds? Experimental data and implications for forensic entomology
This study investigate the factors that affect the oviposition sites of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Meigen, 1826), a very common blow fly species of forensic interest. Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) have an highly developed olfactory system that allows them to detect corpses at a great distance [1–4]. It is frequently reported in forensic entomology manuals that once on the cadaver, blowflies lay their eggs in natural orifices and wounds [5–10]. The presence of other eggs, larvae or adult individuals can also act as an attractive signal to gravid females and can increase the likelihood of ovipositio...
Source: Forensic Science International - May 28, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Damien Charabidze, Aurore Depeme, Cedric Devigne, Valery Hedouin Source Type: research

Use of DNA Sequences to Identify Forensically Important Fly Species and Their Distribution in the Coastal Region of Central California
Accurate species identification and up-to-date locality information are essential for the effective application of forensic entomology in criminal investigations, and an ever growing body of research has shown molecular data to be one of the fastest and most reliable methods of accomplishing species-level identification [1,2]. Historically, a 304bp sequence of the COI region of mtDNA was used for calliphorid identification [3]; more recent forensic studies have utilized the the 658 ‘barcode’ COI fragment [4–7].
Source: Forensic Science International - May 12, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Angie Nakano, Jeff Honda Source Type: research

Thermogenesis in decomposing carcasses
This study suggests that bacterial metabolism plays a significant role in carcass thermogenesis, and that maggot masses, while contributing to localised heating within the carcass, may have less of a role in elevating carcass temperatures than previously assumed.
Source: Forensic Science International - September 10, 2013 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Aidan P. Johnson, Katarina M. Mikac, James F. Wallman Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Estimating postmortem interval using RNA degradation and morphological changes in tooth pulp
In this study, time-dependent differences in RNA decay rates were examined to extend the time frame over which early PMI estimates can be made. Comparing the decay rates of a large, labile segment of β-actin RNA and a smaller, more stable, non-overlapping segment of the same RNA from tooth pulp, we were able to estimate PMI values of pigs buried within a shallow grave for up to 84 days. This compares favorably to an estimate of PMI using insect data. Full skeletonization and loss of insect activity was observed by day 28 of our study. In addition to differences in RNA decay rates, morphological changes were observed in th...
Source: Forensic Science International - May 6, 2013 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Stephanie T. Young, Jeffrey D. Wells, Gerald R. Hobbs, Clifton P. Bishop Tags: Forensic Anthropology Population Data Source Type: research

Identification of sarcosaprophagous Diptera species through DNA barcoding in wildlife forensics
Abstract: In recent years, forensic entomology has been applied in wildlife crimes, such as neglect cases, animal cruelty and illegal poaching. Likewise in human death investigations, in which insects can help to provide information about postmortem interval (PMI) and corpse transfer, entomology may be an important source of information in animal murder suspicion. The use of insects in forensic context relies primarily on its identification at the species level. To overcome some problems of morphological determination, molecular identification has gained relevance and has been applied frequently in forensic areas. Cytochro...
Source: Forensic Science International - April 20, 2013 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Eva A. Rolo, Ana Rita Oliveira, Catarina G. Dourado, Ana Farinha, Maria Teresa Rebelo, Deodália Dias Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

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