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Military blast exposure, ageing and white matter integrity
Mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion, is associated with a range of neural changes including altered white matter structure. There is emerging evidence that blast exposure—one of the most pervasive causes of casualties in the recent overseas conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan—is accompanied by a range of neurobiological events that may result in pathological changes to brain structure and function that occur independently of overt concussion symptoms. The potential effects of brain injury due to blast exposure are of great concern as a history of mild traumatic brain injury has been identified as a risk fa...
Source: Brain - July 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Trotter, B. B., Robinson, M. E., Milberg, W. P., McGlinchey, R. E., Salat, D. H. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research

A novel inhibitor of p75-neurotrophin receptor improves functional outcomes in two models of traumatic brain injury
The p75 neurotrophin receptor is important in multiple physiological actions including neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth during development, and after central nervous system injury. We have discovered a novel piperazine-derived compound, EVT901, which interferes with p75 neurotrophin receptor oligomerization through direct interaction with the first cysteine-rich domain of the extracellular region. Using ligand binding assays with cysteine-rich domains-fused p75 neurotrophin receptor, we confirmed that EVT901 interferes with oligomerization of full-length p75 neurotrophin receptor in a dose-dependent manner. Here we ...
Source: Brain - May 26, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Delbary-Gossart, S., Lee, S., Baroni, M., Lamarche, I., Arnone, M., Canolle, B., Lin, A., Sacramento, J., Salegio, E. A., Castel, M.-N., Delesque-Touchard, N., Alam, A., Laboudie, P., Ferzaz, B., Savi, P., Herbert, J.-M., Manley, G. T., Ferguson, A. R., B Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research

Catecholamines and cognition after traumatic brain injury
Cognitive problems are one of the main causes of ongoing disability after traumatic brain injury. The heterogeneity of the injuries sustained and the variability of the resulting cognitive deficits makes treating these problems difficult. Identifying the underlying pathology allows a targeted treatment approach aimed at cognitive enhancement. For example, damage to neuromodulatory neurotransmitter systems is common after traumatic brain injury and is an important cause of cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the evidence implicating disruption of the catecholamines (dopamine and noradrenaline) and review the efficacy of ...
Source: Brain - August 23, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Jenkins, P. O., Mehta, M. A., Sharp, D. J. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Review Article Source Type: research

Disconnection between the default mode network and medial temporal lobes in post-traumatic amnesia
See Bigler (doi:10.1093/aww277) for a scientific commentary on this article. Post-traumatic amnesia is very common immediately after traumatic brain injury. It is characterized by a confused, agitated state and a pronounced inability to encode new memories and sustain attention. Clinically, post-traumatic amnesia is an important predictor of functional outcome. However, despite its prevalence and functional importance, the pathophysiology of post-traumatic amnesia is not understood. Memory processing relies on limbic structures such as the hippocampus, parahippocampus and parts of the cingulate cortex. These structures are...
Source: Brain - December 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: De Simoni, S., Grover, P. J., Jenkins, P. O., Honeyfield, L., Quest, R. A., Ross, E., Scott, G., Wilson, M. H., Majewska, P., Waldman, A. D., Patel, M. C., Sharp, D. J. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research