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Associations of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load with Cardiovascular Disease: Updated Evidence from Meta-analysis and Cohort Studies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDiet and lifestyle patterns are considered major contributory factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. In particular, consuming a diet higher in carbohydrates (not inclusive of fruits and vegetables, but more processed carbohydrates) has been associated with metabolic abnormalities that subsequently may increase the risk of CVD and related mortality. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are values given to foods based on how fast the body converts carbohydrates into glucose also referred to as the glycemic burden of carbohydrates from foods. Conflicting associations of how high...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - February 4, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Olive Oil Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: “Seek and You Shall Find”
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe present narrative review focuses on the up-to-date clinical data on the correlations between olive oil consumption and cardiovascular (CV) diseases (i.e., CHD, stroke, and peripheral artery disease).Recent FindingsOlive oil contains monounsaturated fats, several antioxidant phenols, and other micronutrients that mediate CV-protective effects via improvements in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, thrombosis, blood pressure, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. High consumption of olive oil, and in particular the extra-virgin, which is rich in phenolic antioxidants, has be...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - May 7, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Long Working Hours and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize the evidence on the relationship between long working hours and cardiovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease and stroke.Recent FindingsLarge-scale meta-analyses with published and individual participant observational data on more than 740,000 men and women free of cardiovascular disease report a link between long working hours ( ≥ 55 h a week) and the onset of cardiovascular events. Our meta-analytic update of summary evidence suggests a 1.12-fold (95% CI 1.03–1.21) increased risk associated with coronary heart disease and a 1.21-fold (95% CI 1.01–1.45) increased ris...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - October 1, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Progressing Insights into the Role of Dietary Fats in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
AbstractDietary fats have important effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abundant evidence shows that partial replacement of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) with unsaturated fatty acids improves the blood lipid and lipoprotein profile and reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Low-fat diets high in refined carbohydrates and sugar are not effective. Very long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 or omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 VLCPUFA) present in fish have multiple beneficial metabolic effects, and regular intake of fatty fish is associated with lower risks of fatal CHD and stroke. Food-based guidelines on dietary ...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - September 19, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Work Stress as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
Abstract The role of psychosocial work stress as a risk factor for chronic disease has been the subject of considerable debate. Many researchers argue in support of a causal connection while others remain skeptical and have argued that the effect on specific health conditions is either negligible or confounded. This review of evidence from over 600,000 men and women from 27 cohort studies in Europe, the USA and Japan suggests that work stressors, such as job strain and long working hours, are associated with a moderately elevated risk of incident coronary heart disease and stroke. The excess risk for exposed indi...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - August 3, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Genetic Risk Factors and Mendelian Randomization in Cardiovascular Disease
Abstract Cardiovascular disease encompasses several diverse pathological states that place a heavy burden on individual and population health. The aetiological basis of many cardiovascular disorders is not fully understood. Growing knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiac arrhythmias and peripheral vascular disease has confirmed some suspected causal pathways in these conditions but also uncovered many previously unknown mechanisms. Here, we consider the contribution of genetics to the understanding of cardiovascular disease risk. We evaluate the utility and relevan...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - April 17, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Change in Daily Ambulatory Activity and Cardiovascular Events in People with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
This article aims to review current and available data on lifestyle intervention, specifically physical activity, on cardiovascular outcomes in populations at risk for diabetes. We searched PubMed database from 1990 to present with focus on more recent literature published over the last 2 years. Various permutations of keywords used included glucose intolerance, pre-diabetes, diabetes, lifestyle modifications, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease. Intensive glycemic control, specific medications, and lifestyle intervention including increase in physical activity have been evaluated in diabetes and pre-diabetes. M...
Source: Current Cardiology Reports - February 1, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research