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Understanding how and why upskilling programmes for unregulated care providers can support health equity in underserved communities: a realist review protocol
Introduction Foot ulcers are one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus leading to leg amputations. In Canada, systematically marginalised and racialised populations are more prone to developing foot ulcers and at higher risk of limb amputations. Shortages of regulated healthcare have hindered efforts to provide foot care. Upskilling unregulated care providers (UCPs) to deliver foot screening seems a reasonable solution to reduce limb loss. UCPs can advocate for health equity and deliver appropriate care. There is a need, however, to understand how and why an educational intervention for UCPs providing ...
Source: BMJ Open - August 23, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Hassan, S., Rac, V. E., Hodges, B. D., Leake, P., Cobbing, S., Gray, C. M., Bartley, N., Etherington, A., Abdulwasi, M., Cheung, H.-C. K., Anderson, M., Woods, N. N. Tags: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology Source Type: research

Adverse childhood experiences, the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion The results suggest that exposure to ACEs increases the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Preventive strategies, screening and trauma-informed care need to be examined to improve maternal and child health.
Source: BMJ Open - August 3, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Mamun, A., Biswas, T., Scott, J., Sly, P. D., McIntyre, H. D., Thorpe, K., Boyle, F. M., Dekker, M. N., Doi, S., Mitchell, M., McNeil, K., Kothari, A., Hardiman, L., Callaway, L. K. Tags: Open access, Press releases, Global health Source Type: research

Point-of-care testing of HbA1c levels in community settings for people with established diabetes or people at risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Introduction Diabetes mellitus has increased in prevalence worldwide and is causing an increasing burden on health services. The best patient outcomes occur with early diagnosis to prevent health complications. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to assess glycaemic control over 3–6 months and inform clinical management. Point-of-care (POC) HbA1c devices can be used in community settings, independent of clinical laboratories. This review aims to evaluate how these devices have been implemented in community settings and what patient outcomes have been documented. Methods and analysis This protocol follows the Prefer...
Source: BMJ Open - May 12, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Gourlay, A., Sutherland, C., Radley, A. Tags: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology Source Type: research

Methods for evaluation of corneal nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus by in vivo confocal microscopy: a scoping review protocol
Introduction Globally, 422 million people have diabetes. Late complications of diabetes are blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and lower limb amputation. The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy is 50% and 35%, respectively. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a rapid, non-invasive method to evaluate subbasal corneal nerve fibres, which are small fibres of the peripheral nervous system. Corneal nerve fibre changes can be a marker of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. There is currently no gold-standard procedure for IVCM imaging, image processing or quantitative analysis of the ...
Source: BMJ Open - April 12, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sandvik, S. A., Sundling, V., Lagali, N. Tags: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology Source Type: research

Associations between plant-based diets, plant foods and botanical supplements with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review protocol
Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common health complications during pregnancy. Medical nutrition therapy is the mainstay of treatment for GDM, however, there is no current consensus on optimal dietary approaches to prevent or control hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the relationships between plant-based dietary patterns, plant foods and botanical dietary supplements with GDM and maternal glycaemic biomarkers. Methods and analysis A predefined search strategy was used on 16 June 2021, to search PubMed, Embase and CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO...
Source: BMJ Open - March 21, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ustick, J., Chakos, K., Jia, H., Hanneke, R., DiPiazza, B., Koenig, M. D., Ma, J., Man, B., Tussing-Humphreys, L., Burton, T. C. J. Tags: Open access Obstetrics and gynaecology Source Type: research

Effectiveness of self-management applications in improving clinical health outcomes and adherence among diabetic individuals in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Introduction A variety of mobile health (mHealth) applications are available to monitor an individual’s health or lifestyle to make it convenient to access healthcare facilities at home. The usability of mHealth applications in controlling HbA1c (estimated average blood glucose) levels is unclear despite their increasing use. The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is high in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), with the highest burden in the Indian population. Our objective is to identify the effectiveness of mHealth applications in managing blood glucose levels of individuals with T2DM and to assess the i...
Source: BMJ Open - November 15, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Dsouza, S. M., Shetty, S., Venne, J., Pundir, P., Rajkhowa, P., Lewis, M. G., Brand, H. Tags: Open access, Public health Source Type: research

Transitioning care in youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a scoping review protocol using the socio-ecological model framework
The objectives are : (1) to identify the factors within the socio-ecological framework (individual, relationship, community, societal) associated with transitioning to adult care in Y-T2DM compared with Y- T1DM, and (2) to identify knowledge gaps related to transitioning to adult care. Methods The scoping review protocol and reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping reviews guidelines. A systematic search of scientific databases (PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Scopus and APA PsycNet will be undertaken for articles between 1 Janu...
Source: BMJ Open - October 27, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ude, A. O., De Baca, T. C., Dixon, S. A., Arboine, S.-A., Terry, N. L., Chung, S. T. Tags: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology Source Type: research

Prevalence and risks of tuberculosis multimorbidity in low-income and middle-income countries: a meta-review
Conclusions We identified several chronic conditions that co-occur in a significant proportion of people with TB. Although limited by varying quality and gaps in the literature, this first meta-review of TB multimorbidity highlights the magnitude of additional ill health burden due to chronic conditions on people with TB. Prospero registration number CRD42020209012.
Source: BMJ Open - September 29, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jarde, A., Romano, E., Afaq, S., Elsony, A., Lin, Y., Huque, R., Elsey, H., Siddiqi, K., Stubbs, B., Siddiqi, N. Tags: Open access, Global health Source Type: research

Pharmacotherapy in paediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials
This study will not require ethics approval. We will disseminate our findings through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022310100.
Source: BMJ Open - September 26, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Zhou, F., Deng, J., Banfield, L., Thabane, L., Sadeghirad, B., Samaan, M. C. Tags: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology Source Type: research

Exploring the effectiveness of vitamin B12 complex and alpha-lipoic acid as a treatment for diabetes mellitus/neuropathy: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
In this study, we will explore the effectiveness of vitamin B12 and ALA as a possible treatment for diabetic mellitus/neuropathy, emphasising markers of inflammation, lipid profile, and glucose metabolism. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P). The search strategies and information sources for the literature will be PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Science direct. The literature search will include studies published from inception until 30 June 2022. All included studies will be evaluated for q...
Source: BMJ Open - August 25, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Lekhanya, P. K., Mokgalaboni, K. Tags: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology Source Type: research

Non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Conclusions Emphasising non-pharmacological interventions for T2DM prevention can improve health outcomes and lessen the economic burdens, which will be of paramount importance in LMICs. Systematic review registration number CRD42020191507
Source: BMJ Open - June 6, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sarker, A., Das, R., Ether, S., Shariful Islam, M., Saif-Ur-Rahman, K. M. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology Source Type: research

Randomised controlled trials on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in African countries: a systematic review
Conclusions Research activities increased in recent years, but available evidence is still not representative for all African countries. There is a big lack of evidence in primary healthcare and rural settings, implementation research, pharmacological interventions, especially in poorer countries. Nevertheless, the identified studies offer a variety of effective interventions that can inform medical care and future research. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019122785.
Source: BMJ Open - May 11, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sandholzer-Yilmaz, A. S., Kroeber, E. S., Ayele, W., Frese, T., Kantelhardt, E. J., Unverzagt, S. Tags: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology Source Type: research

Association between social supports and depression among patients with diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions Our meta-analysis revealed that patients who had poor social support were significantly associated with an increased level of depression. Additional studies exploring factors that might moderate or mediate this association are needed. Targeted interventions for comorbid depression should be implemented in clinical practice. Systematic review registration We have submitted the protocol for registration at the PROSPERO on 9 October 2020. But we have not yet received a registration number.
Source: BMJ Open - May 11, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Diress, G., Endalifer, M. L., Addisu, A., Mengist, B. Tags: Open access, Evidence based practice Source Type: research

Patient and providers perspective on barriers and facilitators for medication adherence among adult patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in India: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Conclusion Such patient-specific targeted interventions need to be developed to achieve better control among patients with CVD and DM. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020199529.
Source: BMJ Open - March 24, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Krishnamoorthy, Y., Rajaa, S., Rehman, T., Thulasingam, M. Tags: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology Source Type: research

Systematic review of diagnostic and prognostic models of chronic kidney disease in low-income and middle-income countries
Conclusion There is no strong evidence to support the use of a CKD diagnostic or prognostic model throughout LMIC. The development, validation and implementation of risk scores must be a research and public health priority in LMIC to enhance CKD screening to improve timely diagnosis.
Source: BMJ Open - March 15, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Aparcana-Granda, D. J., Ascencio, E. J., Carrillo Larco, R. M. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology Source Type: research

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