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Immunological mechanisms in poststroke dementia
Purpose of review To review new evidence on links between poststroke dementia and inflammation. Recent findings Although there are still no treatments for poststroke dementia, recent evidence has improved our understanding that stroke increases the risk of incident dementia and worsens cognitive trajectory for at least a decade afterwards. Within approximately the first year dementia onset is associated with stroke severity and location, whereas later absolute risk is associated with more traditional dementia risk factors, such as age and imaging findings. The molecular mechanisms that underlie increased risk of incid...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - January 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Mitchell S.V. Elkind Source Type: research

Retinal vessel changes in cerebrovascular disease
Purpose of review The retina is growingly recognized as a window into cerebrovascular and systemic vascular conditions. The utility of noninvasive retinal vessel biomarkers in cerebrovascular risk assessment has expanded due to advances in retinal imaging techniques and machine learning-based digital analysis. The purpose of this review is to underscore the latest evidence linking retinal vascular abnormalities with stroke and vascular-related cognitive disorders; to highlight modern developments in retinal vascular imaging modalities and software-based vasculopathy quantification. Recent findings Longitudinal studies...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - January 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Heather E. Moss Source Type: research

The growing clinical spectrum of cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Purpose of review Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is diagnosed primarily as a cause of lobar intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) in elderly patients. With improving MRI techniques, however, the role of CAA in causing other symptoms has become clear. Recognizing the full clinical spectrum of CAA is important for diagnosis and treatment. In this review we summarize recent insights in clinical CAA features, MRI biomarkers, and management. Recent findings The rate of ICH recurrence in CAA is among the highest of all stroke subtypes. Cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) and cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH) are importa...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - December 20, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Hugh S. Markus Source Type: research

Update on obstructive sleep apnea for neuro-ophthalmology
Purpose of review Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasing in prevalence. The intermittent hypoxia of OSA has wide-ranging effects on a patient's general health outcomes. However, gold-standard investigations and treatment are expensive and a significant burden on patients. Therefore, OSA research remains focused on improving the means of diagnosing and treating OSA, in high-risk-associated conditions. This review is to provide an update on the advances in the field of OSA. Recent findings There has been recent debate about the best practice for diagnosis and treatment of OSA. Further work has been done on conditio...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - January 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Valérie Biousse Source Type: research