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Impact of Male-Origin Microchimerism on Cardiovascular Disease in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
In this study, we investigated whether MOM was associated with risk of IHD and ischemic stroke in women. We evaluated the association between MOM and ischemic events in a cohort of 766 Danish women enrolled in the Diet, Cancer and Health cohor t during 1993–1997 when aged 50–64 years. Of these women, 545 (71.2%) tested positive for MOM through targeting of the Y chromosome (DYS14 DNA sequence) in their blood. Multiple Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We found that MOM was associated with a significantly reduced rate of IHD (hazard ratio  = 0.44, 95% confidence ...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - November 13, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cardiotoxicity of Use of Sequential Aromatase Inhibitors in Women With Breast Cancer
AbstractThe association between use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and cardiovascular outcomes is controversial. While some observational studies have assessed the cardiovascular safety of AIs as upfront treatments, their cardiotoxicity as sequential treatments with tamoxifen remains unknown. Thus, we conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics databases. We employed a prevalent new-user design to propensity-score match, in a 1:2 ratio, patients switching from tamoxifen to AIs wit...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - April 27, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The Associations of Atrial Fibrillation With the Risks of Incident Invasive Breast and Colorectal Cancer
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that poses a significant risk of stroke. Cross-sectional and case-control studies have shown evidence of associations between AF and breast or colorectal cancer, but there have been no longitudinal studies in which this has been assessed. We prospectively examined a cohort of 93,676 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative from 1994 to 1998 to determine whether there are relationships between baseline AF and the development of invasive breast or colorectal cancer. The pr...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 7, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Optimism and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Growing evidence has linked positive psychological attributes like optimism to a lower risk of poor health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease. It has been demonstrated in randomized trials that optimism can be learned. If associations between optimism and broader health outcomes are established, it may lead to novel interventions that improve public health and longevity. In the present study, we evaluated the association between optimism and cause-specific mortality in women after considering the role of potential confounding (soc...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - January 3, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Examining the Long-Term Association of Personality With Cause-Specific Mortality in London: Four Decades of Mortality Surveillance in the Original Whitehall Smoking Cessation Trial
The personality domains of extraversion and neuroticism are regarded as being stable individual psychological characteristics, yet it remains unclear whether they are associated with chronic disease over an extended period of time. In a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation nested within the original prospective Whitehall Study (1967–2012), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to 832 male self-declared smokers who had undergone a medical examination during which their levels of extraversion and neuroticism were quantified. In the 42-year follow-up period, there were 781 deaths. In analyse...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - September 13, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Batty, G. D., Jokela, M., Kivimaki, M., Shipley, M. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research

Childhood Body Weight in Relation to Morbidity From Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer in Older Adulthood: 67-Year Follow-up of Participants in the 1947 Scottish Mental Survey
In conclusion, a relationship between childhood body weight and later morbidity was largely lacking in the present study.
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 23, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Batty, G. D., Calvin, C. M., Brett, C. E., Cukic, I., Deary, I. J. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research

Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and Mortality: The Leisure World Cohort Study
To assess the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and all-cause mortality in older adults, we examined these associations using data from the Leisure World Cohort Study, a prospective study of residents of the Leisure World retirement community in Laguna Hills, California. In the early 1980s, participants (who were aged 44–101 years) completed a postal survey, which included details on use of vitamin supplements and dietary intake of foods containing vitamins A and C. Age-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted (for factors related to mortality in this cohort—smoking, alcohol intake, caffeine consumption...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - January 6, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Paganini-Hill, A., Kawas, C. H., Corrada, M. M. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research

Changes in Smoking Behavior and Subsequent Mortality Risk During a 35-Year Follow-up of a Cohort in Xi'an, China
Prospective evidence of the associations of smoking cessation with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other causes of death in Asia is scarce. Previous studies, which were mostly based on baseline smoking behavior only, were subject to sick-quitter bias and misclassification resulting from changes in smoking behavior during follow-up. We followed up a cohort for 18 years (1976–1994) to assess changes in smoking behavior and then for an additional 17 years (1994–2011) to examine the relationships of continuing to smoke and new quitting with mortality risk in 1,494 Chinese people (961 men, 533 women...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - April 21, 2014 Category: Epidemiology Authors: He, Y., Jiang, B., Li, L. S., Li, L. S., Sun, D. L., Wu, L., Liu, M., He, S. F., Liang, B. Q., Hu, F. B., Lam, T. H. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research

A Large Prospective Investigation of Sleep Duration, Weight Change, and Obesity in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort
The relationship between sleep and obesity or weight gain in adults, particularly older populations, remains unclear. In a cohort of 83,377 US men and women aged 51–72 years, we prospectively investigated the association between self-reported sleep duration and weight change over an average of 7.5 years of follow-up (1995–2004). Participants were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline and throughout the follow-up. We observed an inverse association between sleep duration per night and weight gain in both men (P for trend = 0.02) and women (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with 7–8 hours of...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - November 28, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Xiao, Q., Arem, H., Moore, S. C., Hollenbeck, A. R., Matthews, C. E. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research

Dietary Carbohydrates, Refined Grains, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Chinese Adults
The potential long-term association between carbohydrate intake and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear, especially among populations who habitually have high-carbohydrate diets. We prospectively examined intakes of carbohydrates and staple grains as well as glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to CHD among 117,366 Chinese women and men (40–74 years of age) without history of diabetes, CHD, stroke, or cancer at baseline in Shanghai, China. Diet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. Incident CHD cases were ascertained during follow-ups (in women, the mean was 9.8 year...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - November 9, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Yu, D., Shu, X.-O., Li, H., Xiang, Y.-B., Yang, G., Gao, Y.-T., Zheng, W., Zhang, X. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research

Fish Intake and Risks of Total and Cause-specific Mortality in 2 Population-based Cohort Studies of 134,296 Men and Women
Despite a proposed protective effect of fish intake on the risk of cardiovascular disease, epidemiologic evidence on fish intake and mortality is inconsistent. We investigated associations of fish intake, assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire, with risks of total and cause-specific mortality in 2 prospective cohort studies of 134,296 Chinese men and women (1997–2009). Vital status and date and cause of death were ascertained through annual linkage to the Shanghai Vital Statistics Registry database and biennial home visits. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and corresponding 95% co...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - July 2, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Takata, Y., Zhang, X., Li, H., Gao, Y.-T., Yang, G., Gao, J., Cai, H., Xiang, Y.-B., Zheng, W., Shu, X.-O. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research