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Seroepidemiological trend of strongyloidiasis in the Bolivian Chaco (1987 –2013) in the absence of disease‐specific control measures
ConclusionsThe significant reduction in S. stercoralis seroprevalence in Bolivian Chaco cannot be explained by preventive chemotherapy or improved social‐sanitary conditions. As the drop is seen in younger generations, it is consistent with little transmission occurring. However, the risk of transmission still exists, as prevalence is persistently high in older individuals, who present a potential reservoir due to the lifelong nature of S. stercoralis infections. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 12, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Michele Spinicci, Fabio Macchioni, Antonia Mantella, Simona Gabrielli, Mimmo Roselli, David Rojo Mayaregua, Joaqu ín Monasterio Pinckert, Herlan Gamboa Barahona, Grover Adolfo Paredes, Percy Halkyer, Gabriella Cancrini, Piero Olliaro, Antonio Montresor, Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Development and  in vitro/in vivo evaluation of a novel benznidazole liquid dosage form using a quality‐by‐design approach
ConclusionQuality by design was a suitable approach to formulate a co‐solvent system of benznidazole. The in vivo studies confirmed the suitability of the optimised such solutions to diminish both parasitaemia and mortality. Thus, this novel alternative should be taken into account for further clinical evaluation in all age ranges. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 11, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Higo Fernando Santos Souza, Daniel Real, Dar ío Leonardi, Sandra Carla Rocha, Victoria Alonso, Esteban Serra, Ariel Mariano Silber, Claudio Javier Salomon Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Four years of case ‐based surveillance of meningitis following the introduction of MenAfriVac in Moissala, Chad: lessons learned
ConclusionImplementation of case‐based surveillance for meningitis is feasible in Chad, but has required political and technical engagement. Given the high proportion of S. pneumoniae and its poor detection by Pastorex, continued use of PCR is warranted for surveillance outside of outbreaks, and efforts to accelerate introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are needed. Introduction of MenAfriVac in routine immunization and future availability of a pentavalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine will be key elements for the sustained reduction of meningitis outbreaks in the area.This article is protected by copyright. ...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 9, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Anne ‐Laure Page, Matthew E Coldiron, Kadidja Gamougam, Mahmaat Ali Acyl, Mbaihol Tamadji, Céline Lastrucci, Northan Hurtado, François‐Charles Tehoua, Florence Fermon, Dominique A Caugant, Klaudia Porten Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Leishmania infection in rodents in Greece
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 6, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ιoannis Tsakmakidis, Katerina Angelopoulou, Chrysostomos I. Dovas, Εmmanouil Dokianakis, Αndroniki Tamvakis, Isaia Symeonidou, Μaria Antoniou, Αnastasia Diakou Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Tropical Medicine & International Health
(Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 3, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Tags: Feature Page Source Type: research

Adherence to PI ‐based 2nd‐line regimens in Cambodia is not simply a question of individual behaviour: the ANRS 12276 2PICAM study
ConclusionsOur results suggest that inefficiencies in health care delivery are detrimental to PLWH health and to the exceptional progress currently being made by Cambodia in response to HIV. Policy makers should focus on increasing the number of psychosocial workers, especially in areas outside the capital. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 2, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Luis Sagaon ‐Teyssier, Bakridine Mmadi Mrenda, Vohith Khol, Laurent Ferradini, Sovatha Mam, Sopheak Ngin, Marion Mora, Gwenaëlle Maradan, Chhi. Vun Mean, Olivier Ségéral, Eric Nerrienet, Vonthanak Saphonn, Bruno Spire Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Exogenous factors matter when interpreting the results of an impact evaluation: A case study of rainfall and child health program intervention in Rwanda
ConclusionRainfall‐related patterns have a quantifiable effect on program evaluation results and highlighted the importance and complexity of controlling for contextual factors in quasi‐experimental design evaluations.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Assumpta Mukabutera, Dana R. Thomson, Bethany L. Hedt ‐Gauthier, Sidney Atwood, Paulin Basinga, Laetitia Nyirazinyoye, Kevin P. Savage, Marcellin Habimana, Megan Murray Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Cost of visceral leishmaniasis care in Brazil
ConclusionsVL represents an expensive health problem for the Brazilian public health system and society, mainly because of its productivity loss due to premature mortality. Interventions to reduce of VL lethality could have a great impact on decreasing the cost of illness.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Isis Polianna Silva Ferreira de Carvalho, Henry Maia Peixoto, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero, Maria Regina Fernandes de Oliveira Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Cardiopulmonary ultrasound for critically ill adults improves diagnostic accuracy in a resource ‐limited setting: the AFRICA trial
ConclusionsIn an urban ED in Ghana, a CPUS examination improved the accuracy of the treating physician's initial diagnostic impression. There were no differences in 24‐hour mortality and a number of patient care interventions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Torben K. Becker, Chelsea A. Tafoya, Maxwell Osei ‐Ampofo, Matthew J. Tafoya, Ross A. Kessler, Nikhil Theyyunni, Hussein A. Yakubu, Daniel Opuni, Daniel J. Clauw, James A. Cranford, Chris K. Oppong, Rockefeller A. Oteng Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Treatment of self ‐poisoning at a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh: Cost to patients and government
ConclusionsCost to patients of treating a case of agrochemical poisoning was approximately three times the cost of one month's essential items basket. Incorrect diagnosis at admission cost families substantial sums of money and increased length‐of‐stay; it cost the national government an estimated US$ 80,428.80 annually. Widespread access to a list of pesticides used in self‐poisoning plus greater focus on training doctors to better manage different forms of agrochemical poisoning should reduce the financial burden to patients and healthcare systems.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Vasundhara Verma, Sujat Paul, Aniruddha Ghose, Michael Eddleston, Flemming Konradsen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein ‐1 (block 2), glutamate rich protein and sexual stage antigen Pfs25 from Chandigarh, North India
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Hargobinder Kaur, Rakesh Sehgal, Kapil Goyal, Nikita Makkar, Richa Yadav, Praveen K. Bharti, Neeru Singh, Nilanju P. Sarmah, Pradymna K. Mohapatra, Jagadish Mahanta, Devendra Bansal, Ali A. Sultan, Jagat R Kanwar Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Impact of nutrition interventions on pediatric mortality and nutrition outcomes in humanitarian emergencies
ConclusionIn disasters and complex emergencies, high variability and low quality of controlled studies on pediatric malnutrition limit meaningful data aggregation. If existing research gaps are to be addressed, the inherent unpredictability of humanitarian emergencies and ethical considerations regarding controls may warrant a paradigm shift in what constitutes adequate methods. Periodic hunger‐gaps may offer a generalizable opportunity for robust trials, but consensus on meaningful nutritional endpoints is needed.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Kamna S. Balhara, David M. Silvestri, W. Tyler Winders, Anand Selvam, Sean M. Kivlehan, Torben K. Becker, Adam C. Levine, Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research

The relationship between HIV and fertility in the era of antiretroviral therapy in sub ‐Saharan Africa: Evidence from 49 Demographic and Health Surveys
ConclusionsRegional differences in HIV‐associated subfertility and urban‐rural differences in age patterns of relative fertility should be accounted for when predicting need for and coverage of PMTCT services at national and subnational level. Although HIV impacts on fertility are somewhat reduced at higher levels of national ART coverage, differences in fertility between HIV positive and negative remain, and fertility of women on ART should not be assumed to be the same as HIV‐negative women. There were few data in recent years, when ART has reached high levels, and this relationship should continue to be assessed a...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Milly Marston, Basia Zaba, Jeffrey W. Eaton Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Factors associated with treatment seeking for malaria in Madhya Pradesh, India
ConclusionsDemand for formal health services among the poor, illiterate, tribal population living in remote areas is low. Accessible and affordable health services and a sensitisation programme to increase the demand for formal providers are needed. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - September 28, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Mrigendra P. Singh, Kalyan B. Saha, Sunil K. Chand, Anup Anvikar Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Prevalence and causes of musculoskeletal impairment in Fundong District, North ‐West Cameroon: results of a population‐based survey
ConclusionsThis survey contributes to the epidemiological data on MSI in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Nearly half of adults aged over 50 years had an MSI. There is a need to address the treatment and rehabilitative service gap for people with MSI in Cameroon. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - September 28, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Tracey Smythe, Islay Mactaggart, Hannah Kuper, Joseph Oye, Nana Christopher Sieyen, Christopher Lavy, Sarah Polack Tags: Original Article Source Type: research