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Can E. coli fly? The role of flies as transmitters of Escherichia coli to food in an urban slum in Bangladesh
ConclusionFlies may transmit large quantities of E. coli to food under field settings. The findings highlight the importance of implementing control measures to minimize exposure of food to flies to ensure food safety. Fly control measures should be considered for the prevention of diarrheal diseases caused by E. coli.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 9, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Yrja Lisa Lindeberg, Karen Egedal, Zenat Zebin Hossain, Matthew Phelps, Suhella Tulsiani, Israt Farhana, Anowara Begum, Peter Kj ær Mackie Jensen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein ‐1 (block 2), glutamate‐rich protein and sexual stage antigen Pfs25 from Chandigarh, North India
ConclusionOur findings document the genetic diversity among circulating strains of P. falciparum in an area of India with low malaria transmission and could have implications for control strategies to reach the national goal of malaria elimination. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 9, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Hargobinder Kaur, Rakesh Sehgal, Kapil Goyal, Nikita Makkar, Richa Yadav, Praveen K. Bharti, Neeru Singh, Nilanju P. Sarmah, Pradyumna K. Mohapatra, Jagadish Mahanta, Devendra Bansal, Ali A. Sultan, Jagat R. Kanwar Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Tropical Medicine & International Health
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Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 3, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Tags: Tropical Medicine & International Health November 2017 Source Type: research

Zika virus dynamics in body fluids and risk of sexual transmission in a non ‐endemic area
ConclusionZIKV shedding persistence in genital fluids occurs in a significant number of symptomatic patients after visiting an endemic area. We did not find any ZIKV seroconversion among the 3 male contacts who were investigated. Diagnostic algorithms may be updated to include genital tract fluid specimens in the diagnostic process.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Adri án Sánchez‐Montalvá, Diana Pou, Elena Sulleiro, Fernando Salvador, Cristina Bocanegra, Begoña Treviño, Ariadna Rando, Núria Serre, Tomàs Pumarola, Benito Almirante, Israel Molina Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Prevalence, predictors and challenges of gestational diabetes mellitus screening among pregnant women in northern Tanzania
ConclusionPrevalence of GDM is high in Moshi. We recommend introduction of routine screening for hyperglycemia during pregnancy along with strategies for follow up to prevent‐long term effects of GDM and DIP in women and their children.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Hassan Ismail Njete, Beatrice John, Pendo Mlay, Michael Johnson Mahande, Sia Emmanueli Msuya Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Context Matters: A Multi ‐Country Analysis of Individual‐ and Neighborhood‐Level Factors Associated with Women's Sanitation Use in Sub‐Saharan Africa
ConclusionsInternational development goals for sanitation are frequently framed in terms of availability, implicitly suggesting that if facilities are accessible, they will be used. A more nuanced view that takes into account not only the existence of facilities but also the factors influencing their use is needed to understand the dynamics of women's sanitation use in the region. Policies focused on availability may not yield the desired public health benefits from improved sanitation in sub‐Saharan Africa. Context‐relevant factors must be addressed concurrently to achieve sanitation development goals.This article is ...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Samantha Winter, Robert Dreibelbis, Francis Barchi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in integrated vector control of Aedes sp. in Sri Lanka: a prospective controlled effectiveness study
ConclusionBti might have a moderate impact on adult vector populations mediated via transient reductions in larval populations. However this effect is not sustained probably due to rapid re‐infestation. Bti spray, if implemented, can only play a supplementary role to other vector control methods.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: H. A Tissera, P. C Samaraweera, B. D. W Jayamanne, M. D. S Janaki, M. P. P U Chulasiri, C. Rodrigo, S. D Fernando Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Sustained adoption of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions: Systematic review
ConclusionsIdeally, an evaluation should specify the project period and describe the context surrounding adoption, make measurements at multiple time points, diversify measurement methods, and describe and measure a range of factors affecting sustained adoption. Additional consideration needs to be given to developing behavior change models that emphasize factors related to sustained adoption, and how they differ from those related to initial adoption.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Nina A. Martin, Kristyna R. S. Hulland, Robert Dreibelbis, Farhana Sultana, Peter J. Winch Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research

Comparison of haematology and biochemistry parameters in healthy South African infants with laboratory reference intervals
ConclusionsHaematology and biochemistry parameters in apparently healthy South African infants deviate frequently from national laboratory reference intervals, including abnormalities consistent with subclinical hypochromic microcytic anaemia. It is important that clinical laboratory reference intervals for children are derived locally, rather than being adopted from Caucasian norms in developed countries, because clinical trials of vaccines, drugs and diagnostics are increasingly conducted in sub‐Saharan Africa.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: B. Schmidt, M. Tameris, H. Geldenhuys, A. Luabeya, E. Bunyasi, T. Hawkridge, J.B. McClain, H. Mahomed, T.J. Scriba, H. McShane, M. Hatherill Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Differential contribution of interleukin ‐10 promoter variants in malaria and schistosomiasis mono‐ and co‐infections among Nigerian children
ConclusionAlthough IL10 promoter polymorphisms are not associated with P. falciparum and S. haematobium co‐infection, variant ‐1082G/A and haplotype GCC are associated with malaria, whereas the IL10 haplotypes GCC and GTA are associated with schistosomiasis.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ayodele Adedoja, Nghiem Xuan Hoan, Hoang van Tong, Selorme Adukpo, Deborah B. Tijani, Ajibola A. Akanbi, Christian G. Meyer, Olusola Ojurongbe, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Comparing the behavioral impact of a nudge ‐based handwashing intervention to high‐intensity hygiene education: a cluster‐randomized trial in rural Bangladesh
ConclusionOur trial demonstrates sustained improved handwashing behavior 5 months after the nudge intervention. The nudge intervention's comparable performance to a high‐intensity hygiene education intervention is encouraging.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Elise Grover, Mohammed Kamal Hossain, Saker Uddin, Mohini Venkatesh, Pavani K. Ram, Robert Dreibelbis Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Malaria exacerbates inflammation ‐associated elevation in ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor with only modest effects on iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among rural Zambian children
ConclusionsIn this population, malaria substantially increased ferritin and sTfR concentrations, with modest effects on ID and IDA prevalence estimates.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - November 1, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Maxwell A. Barffour, Kerry J. Schulze, Christian L. Coles, Justin Chileshe, Ng'andwe Kalungwana, Ward Siamusantu, Margia Arguello, William J. Moss, Keith P. West, Amanda C. Palmer Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Cost ‐effectiveness of liposomal amphotericin B in hospitalized patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
ConclusionsIn the treatment of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis L‐AmB is a cost‐effective alternative to SbV and AmB‐D owing to its higher effectiveness, safety, and shorter course.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 27, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: S óstenes Mistro, Bárbara Gomes, Lorena Rosa, Ligia Miranda, Marianne Camargo, Roberto Badaró Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Is hearing impairment associated with HIV? A systematic review of data from low and middle ‐income countries
ConclusionsThe current evidence is suggestive of a high prevalence of hearing loss among people living with HIV compared to people without HIV, or to WHO estimates for the general population. More research is needed to better understand the aetiology of hearing loss in relation to HIV, and whether screening for and treatment of hearing loss can be effectively integrated into HIV treatment services needs further research.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 27, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Robbert J H Ensink, Hannah Kuper Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Who accesses surgery at district level in sub ‐Saharan Africa: Evidence from Malawi and Zambia
ConclusionsWomen of reproductive (16‐45 years) mainly undergoing caesarean sections and children aged 0‐15 years who accounted for two‐thirds of trauma cases are the main patient populations undergoing surgery at district hospitals in Zambia and Malawi. Verification and analysis of routine hospital data, across 10‐30% of districts countrywide, demonstrated the need to prioritise quality assurance in surgery and anaesthesia, and preventive interventions in children.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - October 13, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Jakub Gajewski, Rachel Dharamshi, Michael Strader, John Kachimba, Eric Borgstein, Gerald Mwapasa, Mweene Cheelo, Tracey McCauley, Leon Bijlmakers, Ruairi Brugha Tags: Original Article Source Type: research