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Sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure: latest evidence and place in therapy
Despite significant therapeutic advances, patients with chronic heart failure (HF) remain at high risk for HF progression and death. Sacubitril/valsartan (previously known as LCZ696) is a first-in-class medicine that contains a neprilysin (NEP) inhibitor (sacubitril) and an angiotensin II (Ang-II) receptor blocker (valsartan). NEP is an endopeptidase that metabolizes different vasoactive peptides including natriuretic peptides, bradykinin and Ang-II. In consequence, its inhibition increases mainly the levels of both, natriuretic peptides (promoting diuresis, natriuresis and vasodilatation) and Ang-II whose effects are bloc...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - October 18, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Kaplinsky, E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Mepolizumab for severe refractory eosinophilic asthma: evidence to date and clinical potential
Severe asthma is characterized by major impairment of quality of life, poor symptom control and frequent exacerbations. Inflammatory, clinical and causative factors identify different phenotypes and endotypes of asthma. In the last few years, new treatment options have allowed for targeted treatments according to the different phenotypes of the disease. To accurately select a specific treatment for each asthmatic variant, the identification of appropriate biomarkers is required. Eosinophilic asthma is a distinct phenotype characterized by thickening of the basement membrane and corticosteroid responsiveness. This review re...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - October 18, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Menzella, F., Lusuardi, M., Galeone, C., Taddei, S., Facciolongo, N., Zucchi, L. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The relationship of management modality in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes to components of metabolic syndrome, {gamma} glutamyl transferase and highly sensitive C-reactive protein
Conclusions: High levels of GGT and hs-CRP are associated with components of MS and poor glycemic control, hence increased cardiovascular risk. Due to their value as independent risk predictors of vascular injury, these measures should be included in routine monitoring of patients with T2DM. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - August 15, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Bahijri, S. M., Ahmed, M., Al-Shali, K., Bokhari, S., Alhozali, A., Borai, A., Gusti, A., Ajabnoor, G., Alghamdi, A., Asiri, M., Tuomilehto, J. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Antipsychotic use in dementia: a systematic review of benefits and risks from meta-analyses
Conclusions: Antipsychotics have demonstrated modest efficacy in treating psychosis, aggression and agitation in individuals with dementia. Their use in individuals with dementia is often limited by their adverse effect profile. The use of antipsychotics should be reserved for severe symptoms that have failed to respond adequately to nonpharmacological management strategies. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - August 15, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Tampi, R. R., Tampi, D. J., Balachandran, S., Srinivasan, S. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Prescribing attitudes, behaviors and opinions regarding metformin for patients with diabetes: a focus group study
Conclusions: Provider attitudes, behaviors and opinions regarding the use of metformin for T2DM reveals the need for further education to improve appropriate use of metformin. Educational interventions should target prescribing behaviors and opinions identified to be inconsistent with the evidence. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - August 15, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Trinkley, K. E., Malone, D. C., Nelson, J. A., Saseen, J. J. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Ustekinumab in Crohns disease: evidence to date and place in therapy
Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with uncertain etiology. Biologic agents have revolutionized the treatment of CD but nonresponders remain a challenge. Ustekinumab is an interleukin 12/23p40 inhibitor that was recently found effective in treating CD. We reviewed the current literature regarding the efficacy of ustekinumab in treating CD and concluded that ustekinumab is a novel, promising and relatively safe agent for the treatment of moderate to severe CD. Additional data from randomized controlled studies and real-life cohorts are pending. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - July 5, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Engel, T., Kopylov, U. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis: latest developments, evidence and place in therapy
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is one of the newer additions to the armamentarium of potent immunomodulators for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). After more than 2 years of real-world experience and more than 190,000 patients currently treated with DMF worldwide, it is a good timepoint to review the experience gathered so far and to re-evaluate the potential of this first-line oral multiple sclerosis (MS) drug. Post-hoc analyses of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, some comprising more than 6 years of drug exposure including patients from the clinical trials, and the overall notion...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - July 5, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Linker, R. A., Haghikia, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

H.P. Acthar Gel (repository corticotropin injection) treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis and diabetes
Conclusion: The majority of patients experienced a timely resolution of their MS relapse with few hyperglycemic adverse events. Although more studies are necessary, these data suggest that Acthar Gel may be a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for patients with diabetes experiencing an MS relapse. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - July 5, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Kutz, C. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Corrigendum
Nicolas D. Iadarola et al. (2015) Ketamine and other N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in the treatment of depression: a perspective review. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 6(3) 97-114. In the legend of Figure 1 (two colours were reversed). The figure is correct but the legend is incorrect and has been corrected below: (Black circles: glutamate; grey circles: glutamine; blue circles: BDNF; blue channel: NMDA receptor complex; maroon channel: AMPA receptor complex; red channel: glial transporter-1/excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (GLT-1/EAAT2); olive channel: system xC-; peach channel: vesicular glutamate transporter; maroo...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - May 16, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research

Current and future treatment options for cystic fibrosis lung disease: latest evidence and clinical implications
Treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF) has conventionally targeted downstream consequences of the defect such as mucus plugging and infection. More recently, significant advances have been made in treating the root cause of the disease, namely a defective CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This review summarizes current pulmonary treatment options and highlights advances in research and development of new therapies. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - May 16, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Edmondson, C., Davies, J. C. Tags: Review Source Type: research

Patient-reported functioning in major depressive disorder
Conclusion: This study points to the importance of functional outcomes of MDD treatment as well as the need to develop personalized interventions to improve functioning in MDD. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - May 16, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: IsHak, W. W., James, D. M., Mirocha, J., Youssef, H., Tobia, G., Pi, S., Collison, K. L., Cohen, R. M. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The prevalence and clinical characteristics associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Version-5-defined anxious distress specifier in adults with major depressive disorder: results from the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project
Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of evaluating ADS in adults with MDD as its presence identifies a subpopulation with greater illness-associated burden and hazards. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - May 16, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: McIntyre, R. S., Woldeyohannes, H. O., Soczynska, J. K., Vinberg, M., Cha, D. S., Lee, Y., Gallaugher, L. A., Dale, R. S., Alsuwaidan, M. T., Mansur, R. B., Muzina, D. J., Carvalho, A., Kennedy, S. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Pre-exposure prophylaxis as HIV prevention in the UK
(Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - May 16, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Brady, M. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Gout: optimizing treatment to achieve a disease cure
Gout is one of the most common inflammatory arthritides. The disease is due to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals. These deposits are reversible with proper treatment, suggesting that gout is a curable disease. The main aim in gout is to lower serum uric acid levels to a pre-established target; there are different urate-lowering drugs (xanthine oxidase inhibitors, uricosurics and uricases) through which this can be achieved. Proper treatment of gout also involves correct management of acute flares and their prevention. To ensure treatment adherence it is necessary to explain to the patient what the objectives are....
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - February 26, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Bernal, J. A., Quilis, N., Andres, M., Sivera, F., Pascual, E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Opioid-induced constipation: advances and clinical guidance
Currently opioids are the most frequently used medications for chronic noncancer pain. Opioid-induced constipation is the most common adverse effect associated with prolonged use of opioids, having a major impact on quality of life. There is an increasing need to treat opioid-induced constipation. With the recent approval of medications for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation, there are several therapeutic approaches. This review addresses the clinical presentation and diagnosis of opioid-induced constipation, barriers to its diagnosis, effects of opioids in the gastrointestinal tract, differential tolerance to op...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease - February 26, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Nelson, A. D., Camilleri, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research