[Comment] Addressing antimicrobial resistance in the UK and Europe
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has received substantial attention in recent years. Since bacteria evolve to resist the effects of existing antibiotics, infections can become more difficult to treat and subsequently modern medical interventions can become more dangerous for patients. Fear of so-called superbugs has spurred international authorities into action. In 2011, WHO developed a European strategic action plan on antibiotic resistance,1 which set forth strategic objectives to aid European member states in addressing the complex factors that cause AMR. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 10, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Victoria Wells, Laura J V Piddock Tags: Comment Source Type: research
[Corrections] Corrections
Gsell P-S, Camacho A, Kucharski AJ, et al. Ring vaccination with rVSV-ZEBOV under expanded access in response to an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, 2016: an operational and vaccine safety report. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; 17:1276-86 —Mosaka Fallah has been added to the author list, Severine Danmadji has been changed to Séverine Danmadji Nadlaou, and Honora Djidonou has been changed to Djidonou A Honora. The affiliation details and Contributors section have been updated to reflect these changes. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 8, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Corrections Source Type: research
[Articles] Immunogenicity and safety of one versus two doses of tetravalent dengue vaccine in healthy children aged 2 –17 years in Asia and Latin America: 18-month interim data from a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled study
TDV was well tolerated and immunogenic against all four dengue serotypes, irrespective of baseline dengue serostatus. These data provide proof of concept for TDV and support the ongoing phase 3 efficacy assessment of two doses 3 months apart. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 6, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Xavier S áez-Llorens, Vianney Tricou, Delia Yu, Luis Rivera, José Jimeno, Ana Cecilia Villarreal, Epiphany Dato, Sonia Mazara, Maria Vargas, Manja Brose, Martina Rauscher, Suely Tuboi, Astrid Borkowski, Derek Wallace Tags: Articles Source Type: research
[Comment] Encouraging results but questions remain for dengue vaccine
Dengue has expanded dramatically over the past several decades, with the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 –4) now co-circulating in most dengue-endemic regions.1 A safe and efficacious vaccine will be a crucial element of comprehensive global prevention and control. In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Xavier Sáez-Llorens and colleagues2 report 18-month interim results from a phase 2 trial of a live at tenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate, TDV (Takeda, Osaka, Japan). TDV was administered in either one or two doses separated by 3 or 12 months in 1800 participants aged 2–17 years in three dengue-endemic countr...
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 6, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: In-Kyu Yoon, Stephen J Thomas Tags: Comment Source Type: research
[Articles] Lopinavir plus nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, lopinavir plus raltegravir, or lopinavir monotherapy for second-line treatment of HIV (EARNEST): 144-week follow-up results from a randomised controlled trial
Protease inhibitor plus raltegravir offered no advantage over protease inhibitor plus NRTI in virological efficacy or safety. In the primary analysis, protease inhibitor plus raltegravir did not meet non-inferiority criteria. A regimen of protease inhibitor with NRTIs remains the best standardised second-line regimen for use in programmes in resource-limited settings. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 4, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: James G Hakim, Jennifer Thompson, Cissy Kityo, Anne Hoppe, Andrew Kambugu, Joep J van Oosterhout, Abbas Lugemwa, Abraham Siika, Raymond Mwebaze, Aggrey Mweemba, George Abongomera, Margaret J Thomason, Philippa Easterbrook, Peter Mugyenyi, A Sarah Walker, Tags: Articles Source Type: research
[Comment] The unexpected success of NRTIs in second-line treatment
Genotype-defined resistance to antiretrovirals supposedly predicts future virological failure. Findings from clinical studies, including the 144 week results from the EARNEST trial, published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases,1 challenge this decades-long dogma, certainly when it comes to nucleoside analogues. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 4, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Andrew M Hill, Francois Venter Tags: Comment Source Type: research
[Correspondence] Emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Danxia Gu and colleagues1 reported a fatal outbreak of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by ST11 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (ST11 CR-HvKP) strains at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China) in 2016. This signals an alarming evolutionary event —the convergence of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance and hypervirulence in an epidemic carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae (CRKP) clone—presenting a considerable challenge for infection control. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hong Yao, Shangshang Qin, Sheng Chen, Jianzhong Shen, Xiang-Dang Du Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
[Correspondence] Emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Danxi Gu and coworkers1 reported a fatal outbreak of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by ST11 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (ST11 CR-HvKP) in the intensive care unit of a Chinese hospital. This novel strain poses a considerable threat to public health because of its high transmissibility, and several studies in China and India2 –5 have reported similar ST11 strains with hyper-resistance and hypervirulence. The worldwide prevalence of this new strain needs to be assessed urgently to facilitate the design of appropriate infection control policies. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Marcus Ho Yin Wong, Hoi-Ping Shum, Jonathan Hon Kwan Chen, Man-Yee Man, Alan Wu, Edward Wai-Chi Chan, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Sheng Chen Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
[Correspondence] Emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
The emergence of a hypervirulent plasmid in prevalent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae threatens the effective prevention and treatment of infections caused by this clinically untreatable pathogen, which could become a serious public health problem globally.1 In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Danxia Gu and colleagues2 reported a fatal outbreak of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by an emerging carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K pneumoniae (hvKP) strain that belongs to the prevalent ST11 type of carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae (CRKP). (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Pengcheng Du, Yuanyuan Zhang, Chen Chen Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
[Correspondence] Persistent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: a Trojan horse
In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Danxia Gu and colleagues1 reported the emergence and evolution of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-HvKP) strains, which have caused fatal infections at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China). Although little is known about the pathogenesis of CR-HvKP, this novel strain can cause severe symptoms such as sepsis with high mortality. Nevertheless, CR-HvKP was found to account for only 3% of infections caused by the ST11 carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae (CRKP) strains across China. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zhi-Qiang Yang, Yong-Lu Huang, Hong-Wei Zhou, Rong Zhang, Kui Zhu Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
[Review] Effectiveness of national and subnational infection prevention and control interventions in high-income and upper-middle-income countries: a systematic review
Evidence-based guidance for national infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes is needed to support national and global capacity building to reduce health-care-associated infection and antimicrobial resistance. In this systematic review we investigate evidence on the effectiveness of IPC interventions implemented at national or subnational levels to inform the development of WHO guidelines on the core components of national IPC programmes. We searched CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and WHO IRIS databases for publications between Jan 1, 2000, and April 19, 2017. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 31, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lesley Price, Jennifer MacDonald, Lynn Melone, Tracey Howe, Paul Flowers, Kay Currie, Evonne Curran, Valerie Ness, Debbie Waddell, Sarkis Manoukian, Agi McFarland, Claire Kilpatrick, Julie Storr, Anthony Twyman, Benedetta Allegranzi, Jacqui Reilly Tags: Review Source Type: research
[Review] Comparative pathogenesis of rabies in bats and carnivores, and implications for spillover to humans
Bat-acquired rabies is becoming increasingly common, and its diagnosis could be missed partly because its clinical presentation differs from that of dog-acquired rabies. We reviewed the scientific literature to compare the pathogenesis of rabies in bats and carnivores —including dogs—and related this pathogenesis to differences in the clinical presentation of bat-acquired and dog-acquired rabies in human beings. For bat-acquired rabies, we found that the histological site of exposure is usually limited to the skin, the anatomical site of exposure is more comm only the face, and the virus might be more adapted for entry...
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 31, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lineke Begeman, Corine GeurtsvanKessel, Stefan Finke, Conrad M Freuling, Marion Koopmans, Thomas M üller, Tom J H Ruigrok, Thijs Kuiken Tags: Review Source Type: research
[Review] Genetics of human susceptibility to active and latent tuberculosis: present knowledge and future perspectives
Tuberculosis is an ancient human disease, estimated to have originated and evolved over thousands of years alongside modern human populations. Despite considerable advances in disease control, tuberculosis remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases with 10 million incident cases and 1 ·8 million deaths in 2015 alone based on the annual WHO report, due to inadequate health service resources in less-developed regions of the world, and exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic and emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 27, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Laurent Abel, Jacques Fellay, David W Haas, Erwin Schurr, Geetha Srikrishna, Michael Urbanowski, Nimisha Chaturvedi, Sudha Srinivasan, Daniel H Johnson, William R Bishai Tags: Review Source Type: research
[Corrections] Corrections
Blok DJ, de Vlas SJ, Richardus JH. Finding undiagnosed leprosy cases. Lancet Infect Dis 2016; 16: 1113 — In this Correspondence, incorrect colours had been used to label ‘Undiagnosed’ and ‘Diagnosed’ in the key of the figure. Additionally, the data on the x-axis should have started at 1991 and ended at 2040. These corrections have been made to the online version as of October 26, 2017. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 26, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Corrections Source Type: research
[Clinical Picture] Atypical presentation of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
An 80-year-old man, from an area in Bangladesh where visceral leishmaniasis is endemic, presented at our hospital in June, 2016, reporting widespread swelling and a history of papulonodular lesions for the past 2 years. In 2014, the patient sought medical attention for skin thickening and several subcutaneous papules and nodules of varying sizes, which had gradually developed on the dorsum of the foot, and then disseminated to both legs. The patient gave no history of fever or other systemic symptoms at any time of illness. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - October 25, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Quazi Tarikul Islam, Ariful Basher Tags: Clinical Picture Source Type: research
