Erratum: Lysophospholipases cooperate to mediate lipid homeostasis and lysophospholipid signaling [Errata]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Wepy, J. A., Galligan, J. J., Kingsley, P. J., Xu, S., Goodman, M. C., Tallman, K. A., Rouzer, C. A., Marnett, L. J. Tags: Errata Source Type: research
Lipid droplet quantification based on iterative image processing [Methods]
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous and highly dynamic subcellular organelles required for the storage of neutral lipids. LD number and size distribution are key parameters affected not only by nutrient supply but also by lipotoxic stress and metabolic regulation. Current methods for LD quantification lack general applicability and are either based on time consuming manual evaluation or show limitations if LDs are high in numbers or closely clustered. Here, we present an ImageJ-based approach for the detection and quantification of LDs stained by neutral lipid dyes in images acquired by conventional wide-field fluorescence...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Exner, T., Beretta, C. A., Gao, Q., Afting, C., Romero-Brey, I., Bartenschlager, R., Fehring, L., Poppelreuther, M., Füllekrug, J. Tags: Methods Source Type: research
Accumulation of saturated intramyocellular lipid is associated with insulin resistance [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]
Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation has been linked to both insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive (athletes) states. Biochemical analysis of intramuscular triglyceride composition is confounded by extramyocellular triglycerides in biopsy samples, and hence the specific composition of IMCLs is unknown in these states. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to overcome this problem. Thus, we used a recently validated 1H MRS method to compare the compositional saturation index (CH2:CH3) and concentration independent of the composition (CH3) of IMCLs in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of 16 fema...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Savage, D. B., Watson, L., Carr, K., Adams, C., Brage, S., Chatterjee, K. K., Hodson, L., Boesch, C., Kemp, G. J., Sleigh, A. Tags: Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research Source Type: research
FTY720/fingolimod decreases hepatic steatosis and expression of fatty acid synthase in diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice [Research Articles]
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a leading cause of liver dysfunction, is a metabolic disease that begins with steatosis. Sphingolipid metabolites, particularly ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), have recently received attention for their potential roles in insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. FTY720/fingolimod, a prodrug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, is phosphorylated in vivo to its active phosphorylated form by sphingosine kinase 2 and has been shown to interfere with the actions of S1P and to inhibit ceramide biosynthesis. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of FTY720 i...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Rohrbach, T. D., Asgharpour, A., Maczis, M. A., Montefusco, D., Cowart, L. A., Bedossa, P., Sanyal, A. J., Spiegel, S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Human COQ10A and COQ10B are distinct lipid-binding START domain proteins required for coenzyme Q function [Research Articles]
Coenzyme Q (CoQ or ubiquinone) serves as an essential redox-active lipid in respiratory electron and proton transport during cellular energy metabolism. CoQ also functions as a membrane-localized antioxidant protecting cells against lipid peroxidation. CoQ deficiency is associated with multiple human diseases; CoQ10 supplementation in particular has noted cardioprotective benefits. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Coq10, a putative START domain protein, is believed to chaperone CoQ to sites where it functions. Yeast coq10 deletion mutants (coq10) synthesize CoQ inefficiently during log phase growth and are respiratory defectiv...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Tsui, H. S., Pham, N. V. B., Amer, B. R., Bradley, M. C., Gosschalk, J. E., Gallagher-Jones, M., Ibarra, H., Clubb, R. T., Blaby-Haas, C. E., Clarke, C. F. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Lack of monoacylglycerol lipase prevents hepatic steatosis by favoring lipid storage in adipose tissue and intestinal malabsorption [Research Articles]
In conclusion, our data uncover that MGL deletion improves some aspects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by promoting lipid storage in gWAT and fat malabsorption. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Tardelli, M., Bruschi, F. V., Claudel, T., Fuchs, C. D., Auer, N., Kunczer, V., Stojakovic, T., Scharnagl, H., Habib, A., Grabner, G. F., Zimmermann, R., Lotersztajn, S., Trauner, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Elevated oxysterol levels in human and mouse livers reflect nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [Research Articles]
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a primary cause of liver disease, leads to complications such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma, but the pathophysiology of NASH is incompletely understood. Epstein-Barr virus-induced G protein-coupled receptor 2 (EBI2) and its oxysterol ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-diHC) are recently discovered immune regulators. Several lines of evidence suggest a role of oxysterols in NASH pathogenesis, but rigorous testing has not been performed. We measured oxysterol levels in the livers of NASH patients by LC-MS and tested the role of the EBI2-7α,25-diHC system in...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Raselli, T., Hearn, T., Wyss, A., Atrott, K., Peter, A., Frey-Wagner, I., Spalinger, M. R., Maggio, E. M., Sailer, A. W., Schmitt, J., Schreiner, P., Moncsek, A., Mertens, J., Scharl, M., Griffiths, W. J., Bueter, M., Geier, A., Rogler, G., Wang, Y., Miss Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Hypothalamic endocannabinoids inversely correlate with the development of diet-induced obesity in male and female mice [Research Articles]
This study contributes to the understanding of hypothalamic regulation of obesity. (Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Miralpeix, C., Fosch, A., Casas, J., Baena, M., Herrero, L., Serra, D., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, R., Casals, N. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Gene expression and DNA methylation as mechanisms of disturbed metabolism in offspring after exposure to a prenatal HF diet [Research Articles]
Exposure to a prenatal high-fat (HF) diet leads to an impaired metabolic phenotype in mouse offspring. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated whether the impaired metabolic phenotype may be mediated through altered hepatic DNA methylation and gene expression. We showed that exposure to a prenatal HF diet altered the offspring’s hepatic gene expression of pathways involved in lipid synthesis and uptake (SREBP), oxidative stress response [nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)], and cell proliferation. The downregulation of the SREBP pathway rela...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Rouschop, S. H., Karl, T., Risch, A., van Ewijk, P. A., Schrauwen-Hinderling, V. B., Opperhuizen, A., van Schooten, F. J., Godschalk, R. W. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
High-saturated-fat diet-induced obesity causes hepatic interleukin-6 resistance via endoplasmic reticulum stress [Research Articles]
The relationship between liver interleukin-6 (IL-6) resistance following high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and glucose intolerance is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal development of hepatic IL-6 resistance and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this process. We hypothesized that HFD would rapidly induce hepatic IL-6 resistance through a mechanism involving ER stress. Male C57BL/6N mice consumed chow or a HFD (60%) derived from lard (saturated) or olive oil (monounsaturated) for 4 days or 7 weeks before being injected intraperitoneally with IL-6 (6 ng·kg–1). Glucose,...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Townsend, L. K., Medak, K. D., Peppler, W. T., Meers, G. M., Rector, R. S., LeBlanc, P. J., Wright, D. C. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of acid ceramidase prevents asymmetric cell division by neosis [Research Articles]
Radiation treatment failure or relapse after initial response to chemotherapy presents significant clinical challenges in cancer patients. Escape from initial courses of treatment can involve reactivation of embryonic developmental stages, with the formation of polynuclear giant cancer cells (PGCCs). This strategy of dedifferentiation can insulate cancer cells from a variety of treatments and allows a residual subpopulation to reestablish tumors after treatment. Using radiation or docetaxel chemotherapy, we generated PGCCs from prostate cancer cells. Here, we show that expression of acid ceramidase (ASAH1), an enzyme in th...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: White-Gilbertson, S., Lu, P., Norris, J. S., Voelkel-Johnson, C. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Carotid baroreceptor stimulation in obese rats affects white and brown adipose tissues differently in metabolic protection [Research Articles]
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates the functions of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) tightly. Carotid baroreceptor stimulation (CBS) efficiently inhibits SNS activation. We hypothesized that CBS would protect against obesity. We administered CBS to obese rats and measured sympathetic and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ PPAR pathway responses as well as changes in perirenal WAT (PWAT), epididymal WAT (EWAT), and interscapular BAT (IBAT). CBS alleviated obesity-related metabolic changes, improving insulin resistance; reducing adipocyte hypertrophy, body weight, and adipose tissue wei...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Cao, Q., Zhang, J., Yu, Q., Wang, J., Dai, M., Zhang, Y., Luo, Q., Bao, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Different mechanisms for selective transport of fatty acids using a single class of lipoprotein in Drosophila [Research Articles]
In this study, we carried out a comparative analysis of the fatty-acid composition among lipophorin, the CNS, and CNS-derived cell lines and investigated the transport mechanism of fatty acids, particularly focusing on the transport of PUFAs in Drosophila. We showed that PUFAs are selectively incorporated into the acyl chains of lipophorin phospholipids and effectively transported to CNS through lipophorin receptor-mediated endocytosis of lipophorin. In addition, we demonstrated that C14 fatty acids are selectively incorporated into the diacylglycerols (DAGs) of lipophorin and that C14 fatty-acid-containing DAGs are sponta...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Matsuo, N., Nagao, K., Suito, T., Juni, N., Kato, U., Hara, Y., Umeda, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Oxysterols and apolipoproteins in multiple sclerosis: a 5 year follow-up study [Research Articles]
This study included 139 subjects [39 healthy controls (HCs), 61 relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients, and 39 progressive MS (P-MS) patients]. Oxysterols [24-hydroxycholesterol (24HC), 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7αHC), and 7-ketocholesterol (7KC)] were measured at baseline and 5 years using a novel mass spectrometric method, and apolipoproteins were measured using immunoturbidometric diagnostic kits. Levels of 24HC (P = 0.004), 25HC (P = 0.029), and 27HC (P = 0.026) increased in P-MS patients. 7KC (P = 0.047) and 7αHC (P = 0.001) levels decreased i...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Fellows Maxwell, K., Bhattacharya, S., Bodziak, M. L., Jakimovski, D., Hagemeier, J., Browne, R. W., Weinstock-Guttman, B., Zivadinov, R., Ramanathan, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Ceramide synthase inhibition by fumonisins: a perfect storm of perturbed sphingolipid metabolism, signaling, and disease [JLR Perspectives]
Fumonisins are mycotoxins that cause diseases of plants and, when consumed by animals, can damage liver, kidney, lung, brain, and other organs, alter immune function, and cause developmental defects and cancer. They structurally resemble sphingolipids (SLs), and studies nearly 30 years ago discovered that the most prevalent fumonisin [fumonisin B1 (FB1)] potently inhibits ceramide synthases (CerSs), enzymes that use fatty acyl-CoAs to N-acylate sphinganine (Sa), sphingosine (So), and other sphingoid bases. CerS inhibition by FB1 triggers a "perfect storm" of perturbations in structural and signaling SLs that include: reduc...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Riley, R. T., Merrill, A. H. Tags: JLR Perspectives Source Type: research
