Effect of fatty acids on melanogenesis and tumor cell growth in melanoma cells [Research Articles]
In this study, we focused on the relationship between the structure of fatty acids and their physiological effects in melanoma to examine the likely mechanisms of action. We showed that saturated fatty acids and PUFAs display opposing effects on melanin content in melanoma cells. Likewise, PA and EPA have opposing effects in terms of actin polymerization. Our findings suggest that PA and EPA change melanin content in melanoma to alter melanosome trafficking by modulating actin polymerization. Here, we also examined the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of DHA. We found that DHA interacts with receptor for activated C kina...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - August 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Yamada, H., Hakozaki, M., Uemura, A., Yamashita, T. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Erratum: Use of isotopically labeled substrates reveals kinetic differences between human and bacterial serine palmitoyltransferase [Errata]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Harrison, P. J., Gable, K., Somashekarappa, N., Kelly, V., Clarke, D. J., Naismith, J. H., Dunn, T. M., Campopiano, D. J. Tags: Errata Source Type: research
Quantification of 24 circulating endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid-related compounds, and their phospholipid precursors in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS [Methods]
Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds (ERCs) are involved in many physiological processes. They are released on demand from phosphoinositide and N-acylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (NAPE) precursors and comprise 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MGs) and FA ethanolamides (FEAs). Despite the abundance of advanced quantitative methods, however, their determined concentrations in blood plasma are inconsistent because 2-MGs and FEAs undergo artifactual de novo formation, chemical isomerization, and degradation during sample collection and storage. For a comprehensive survey of these compounds in blood and plasma, we have dev...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Röhrig, W., Achenbach, S., Deutsch, B., Pischetsrieder, M. Tags: Methods Source Type: research
Improved quantitation of lipid classes using supercritical fluid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector [Methods]
Quantitatively and rapidly analyzing lipids is necessary to elucidate their biological functions. Herein, we developed a quantitative method for various lipid classes using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) coupled with a charged aerosol detector (CAD), providing high-throughput data analysis to detect a large number of molecules in each lipid class as one peak. Applying the CAD was useful for analyzing lipid molecules in the same lipid class with a constant response under the same mobile phase composition. First, we optimized the washing method for the diethylamine column, achieving baseline separation of lipid cla...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Takeda, H., Takahashi, M., Hara, T., Izumi, Y., Bamba, T. Tags: Methods Source Type: research
Cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL cholesterol, and risk of coronary heart disease: a nested case-control study in men [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]
The capacity of HDLs to accept cholesterol effluxing from macrophages has been proposed as a new biomarker of HDLs’ anti-atherogenic function. Whether cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is independent of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) as a biomarker for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in a generally healthy primary-prevention population remains unanswered. Therefore, in this nested case-control study, we simultaneously assessed CEC (using J774 cells) and plasma HDL-C levels as predictors of CHD in healthy middle-aged and older men not receiving treatment affecting blood lipid concentrations. We used risk-set sampling of pa...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Cahill, L. E., Sacks, F. M., Rimm, E. B., Jensen, M. K. Tags: Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research Source Type: research
ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity of cerebrospinal fluid is impaired in Alzheimers disease [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]
HDL-like particles in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) promote the efflux of cholesterol from astrocytes toward the neurons that rely on this supply for their functions. We evaluated whether cell cholesterol efflux capacity of CSF (CSF-CEC) is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by analyzing AD (n = 37) patients, non-AD dementia (non-AD DEM; n = 16) patients, and control subjects (n = 39). As expected, AD patients showed reduced CSF Aβ 1-42, increased total and phosphorylated tau, and a higher frequency of the apo4 genotype. ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated CSF-CEC was markedly reduced in AD (–73% and –33%,...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Marchi, C., Adorni, M. P., Caffarra, P., Ronda, N., Spallazzi, M., Barocco, F., Galimberti, D., Bernini, F., Zimetti, F. Tags: Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research Source Type: research
A genome-wide association study on lipoprotein (a) levels and coronary artery disease severity in a Chinese population [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which were mostly carried out in Caucasians, have identified many Lp(a)-associated SNPs. Here, we performed a GWAS on Lp(a) levels and further explored the relationships between Lp(a)-associated SNPs and CAD severity in 1,403 Han Chinese subjects. We observed that elevated Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with the increased synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXUS and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score and the counts of heavily calcified lesions and l...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Liu, Y., Ma, H., Zhu, Q., Zhang, B., Yan, H., Li, H., Meng, J., Lai, W., Li, L., Yu, D., Zhong, S. Tags: Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research Source Type: research
Serum apolipoproteins and apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses: a hypothesis-generating prospective study of cardiovascular events in T1D [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]
APOB, APOC3, and APOE and apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses (ADLSs; based on qualitative apolipoprotein complement) have been associated with dyslipidemia and CVD. Our main objective was to define associations of serum apolipoproteins and ADLSs with "any CVD" and "major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events" (MACEs) in a prospective study of T1D. Serum apolipoproteins and ADLSs (14 biomarkers in total) were measured in sera (obtained between 1997 and 2000) from a subset (n = 465) of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications cohort. Prospective associations of "any CVD" (myocardial infarction,...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Basu, A., Bebu, I., Jenkins, A. J., Stoner, J. A., Zhang, Y., Klein, R. L., Lopes-Virella, M. F., Garvey, W. T., Budoff, M. J., Alaupovic, P., Lyons, T. J., the Diabetes Control Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions Complications Rese Tags: Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research Source Type: research
Plasma apoM and S1P levels are inversely associated with mortality in African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus [Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research]
apoM is a minor HDL apolipoprotein and carrier for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). HDL apoM and S1P concentrations are inversely associated with atherosclerosis progression in rodents. We evaluated associations between plasma concentrations of S1P, plasma concentrations of apoM, and HDL apoM levels with prevalent subclinical atherosclerosis and mortality in the African American-Diabetes Heart Study participants (N = 545). Associations between plasma S1P, plasma apoM, and HDL apoM with subclinical atherosclerosis and mortality were assessed using multivariate parametric, nonparametric, and Cox proportional hazards models. At...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Liu, M., Frej, C., Langefeld, C. D., Divers, J., Bowden, D. W., Carr, J. J., Gebre, A. K., Xu, J., Larsson, B., Dahlbäck, B., Freedman, B. I., Parks, J. S. Tags: Patient-Oriented and Epidemiological Research Source Type: research
N-acyl-O-phosphocholineserines: structures of a novel class of lipids that are biomarkers for Niemann-Pick C1 disease [Research Articles]
In this study, we sought to define the structure of an unknown lipid biomarker for NPC1 with [M + H]+ ion at m/z 509.3351, previously designated as lysoSM-509. The structure of N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine (PPCS) was proposed for the lipid biomarker based on the results from mass spectrometric analyses and chemical derivatizations. As no commercial standard is available, authentic PPCS was chemically synthesized, and the structure was confirmed by comparison of endogenous and synthetic compounds as well as their derivatives using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PPCS is the most abundant spe...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sidhu, R., Mondjinou, Y., Qian, M., Song, H., Kumar, A. B., Hong, X., Hsu, F.-F., Dietzen, D. J., Yanjanin, N. M., Porter, F. D., Berry-Kravis, E., Vite, C. H., Gelb, M. H., Schaffer, J. E., Ory, D. S., Jiang, X. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Novel CB1-ligands maintain homeostasis of the endocannabinoid system in {omega}3- and {omega}6-long-chain-PUFA deficiency [Research Articles]
Mammalian 3- and 6-PUFAs are synthesized from essential fatty acids (EFAs) or supplied by the diet. PUFAs are constitutive elements of membrane architecture and precursors of lipid signaling molecules. EFAs and long-chain (LC)-PUFAs are precursors in the synthesis of endocannabinoid ligands of Gi/o protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 and CB2 in the endocannabinoid system, which critically regulate energy homeostasis as the metabolic signaling system in hypothalamic neuronal circuits and behavioral parameters. We utilized the auxotrophic fatty acid desaturase 2-deficient (fads2–/–) mouse, deficient in LC-...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Hammels, I., Binczek, E., Schmidt-Soltau, I., Jenke, B., Thomas, A., Vogel, M., Thevis, M., Filipova, D., Papadopoulos, S., Stoffel, W. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
ApoC-III ASO promotes tissue LPL activity in the absence of apoE-mediated TRL clearance [Research Articles]
In this study, we determined the impact of apoE, a common ligand for all three receptors, on apoC-III metabolism using apoC-III antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment in mice lacking apoE and functional SDC1 (Apoe–/–Ndst1f/fAlb-Cre+). ApoC-III ASO treatment significantly reduced plasma TG levels in Apoe–/–Ndst1f/fAlb-Cre+ mice without reducing hepatic VLDL production or improving hepatic TRL clearance. Further analysis revealed that apoC-III ASO treatment lowered plasma TGs in Apoe–/–Ndst1f/fAlb-Cre+ mice, which was associated with increased LPL activity in white adipose tissue in the...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ramms, B., Patel, S., Nora, C., Pessentheiner, A. R., Chang, M. W., Green, C. R., Golden, G. J., Secrest, P., Krauss, R. M., Metallo, C. M., Benner, C., Alexander, V. J., Witztum, J. L., Tsimikas, S., Esko, J. D., Gordts, P. L. S. M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
The {alpha}/{beta}-hydrolase domain-containing 4- and 5-related phospholipase Pummelig controls energy storage in Drosophila [Research Articles]
Triglycerides (TGs) are the main energy storage form that accommodates changing organismal energy demands. In Drosophila melanogaster, the TG lipase Brummer is centrally important for body fat mobilization. Its gene brummer (bmm) encodes the ortholog of mammalian adipose TG lipase, which becomes activated by α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5/CGI-58), one member of the paralogous gene pair, α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 4 (ABHD4) and ABHD5. In Drosophila, the pummelig (puml) gene encodes the single sequence-related protein to mammalian ABHD4/ABHD5 with unknown function. We generated puml delet...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Hehlert, P., Hofferek, V., Heier, C., Eichmann, T. O., Riedel, D., Rosenberg, J., Takacs, A., Nagy, H. M., Oberer, M., Zimmermann, R., Kühnlein, R. P. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Dysferlin deficiency alters lipid metabolism and remodels the skeletal muscle lipidome in mice [Research Articles]
Defects in the gene coding for dysferlin, a membrane-associated protein, affect many tissues, including skeletal muscles, with a resultant myopathy called dysferlinopathy. Dysferlinopathy manifests postgrowth with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle function, early intramyocellular lipid accumulation, and a striking later replacement of selective muscles by adipocytes. To better understand the changes underpinning this disease, we assessed whole-body energy homeostasis, skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism, lipolysis in adipose tissue, and the skeletal muscle lipidome using young adult dysferlin-deficient male BLAJ mice...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Haynes, V. R., Keenan, S. N., Bayliss, J., Lloyd, E. M., Meikle, P. J., Grounds, M. D., Watt, M. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Life is complicated: so is apoCIII [Commentary]
(Source: The Journal of Lipid Research)
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - July 31, 2019 Category: Lipidology Authors: Reyes-Soffer, G., Ginsberg, H. N. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
