Gender, nonstandard schedules, and partnership quality in the UK: Exploring heterogeneous effects through a quasi-experiment
This study adopts a potential outcomes framework to explore how nonstandard schedules (i.e., employment during nights, evenings, and weekends) affect partnership quality (PQ). Competing theories of positive and negative selection are proposed based on the contention that there will be heterogeneous returns to partnerships from nonstandard schedules (in terms of penalties and benefits) that will depend on how and why partners have selected into these arrangements. Mahalanobis Distance Matching techniques are then employed to mimic blocked randomization, simulate potential outcomes and identify patterns of heterogeneous effe...
Source: Social Science Research - October 22, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Self-esteem and self-efficacy in the status attainment process and the multigenerational transmission of advantage
We present evidence indicating that both self-esteem and economic self-efficacy are implicated in the attainment process. Adolescent economic self-efficacy had a direct positive effect on adult educational attainment and an indirect effect through educational plans. The influence of self-esteem on adult educational attainment was entirely indirect, through school achievement. We also find evidence that economic self-efficacy was transmitted from parents to children. We conclude that future research should more broadly consider psychological resources in attainment processes from a longitudinal multigenerational perspective...
Source: Social Science Research - October 22, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Protective factors against juvenile delinquency: Exploring gender with a nationally representative sample of youth
This study elucidates that there is a gendered pattern in adolescent delinquency, and that gender moderates the effect of some protective factor. (Source: Social Science Research)
Source: Social Science Research - October 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emergence of diverse and specialized knowledge in a metropolitan tech cluster
This study illustrates how new sources of data enable us to see with greater clarity the structures underpinning modern knowledge-based innovation clusters. (Source: Social Science Research)
Source: Social Science Research - October 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Unemployment and men's entrance into female-dominated jobs
Publication date: Available online 18 October 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Jill E. Yavorsky, Janette DillAbstractDespite the contraction of many male-dominated occupations, men have made limited progress in entering female-dominated jobs. Using monthly employment histories from the SIPP, we examine whether individual economic conditions—such as a period of unemployment—are associated with men subsequently pursuing female-dominated work. Specifically, we ask whether men are more likely to enter female-dominated jobs after unemployment, compared to men who take a new job directly from employment. We find...
Source: Social Science Research - October 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Early education and care quality: Does it matter for maternal working hours?
This study investigates whether mothers whose children enter early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers of higher quality are more likely to work longer hours. The empirical analysis links the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) Study with the K2iD-SOEP extension study, which collected ECEC quality information from childcare centers across Germany. Based on a sample of 556 mothers of 628 children with a mean age of 2.6 years at center entry, the authors applied change score models with entropy balancing to account for differences in a rich set of observable characteristics. The findings show that higher levels of qualit...
Source: Social Science Research - October 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Corrigendum to “Exploring the origin of sentencing disparities in the Crown Court: Using text mining techniques to differentiate between court and judge disparities” [Soc. Sci. Res. 84C (2019) 102343]
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Jose Pina-Sánchez, Diana Grech, Ian Brunton-Smith, Dimitrios Sferopoulos (Source: Social Science Research)
Source: Social Science Research - October 17, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The cross-country and cross-time measurement invariance of positive and negative affect scales: Evidence from European Social Survey
This study applies both the traditional exact and the more recent Bayesian approximate approach to assess whether the affect scales are measurement invariant. The approximate approach detected several non-invariant items that are problematic for cross-national comparison and should be dropped from the scales. Consequently, measurement invariance was established in all countries over the two rounds for the reduced scales, allowing researchers to meaningfully compare their latent mean scores and the relationships with other theoretical constructs of interest. Thus, the study highlights the advantages of using multiple indica...
Source: Social Science Research - October 14, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Ethnicity, inequality, and perceived electoral fairness
Publication date: Available online 12 October 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Anaïd Flesken, Jakob HartlAbstractEstablishing electoral legitimacy across the population is vital for democratic stability, yet in contrast to other measures of political support, perceived electoral fairness has received scant scholarly attention. Moreover, while research into other measures of political support has shown that they differ by both ethnicity and socio-economic status, no study examines both at once, potentially overlooking important interrelationships between the two variables. This paper combines data from the Eth...
Source: Social Science Research - October 14, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Nonlinear models of distribution of talking in small groups
Publication date: Available online 11 October 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Barbara F. MeekerAbstractThis paper develops a mathematical model of the distribution over time of talking in discussion groups. Researchers of small group processes and social inequality have long recognized that interaction in small discussion groups is usually not equally distributed and that being a person who talks more than others is associated with having higher status outside the group and greater prestige and influence within the group. There is also a history of mathematical approaches to describing this phenomenon. As an ...
Source: Social Science Research - October 12, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reputations in mixed-role markets: A theory and an experimental test
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Judith Kas, Rense Corten, Arnout van de RijtAbstractThe traditional understanding of reputation systems is that they secure trust between strangers by publicly calling out cheaters. In modern, online markets, it is increasingly common for providers of a good to also act as consumers, and vice versa. We argue that in such mixed-role markets, reputation systems serve a second important function: They allow providers who lend out their possessions (such as their house, car or tools) to earn reputational credits that can be spent on fut...
Source: Social Science Research - October 11, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The economic benefits of volunteering and social class
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): John Wilson, Noemi Mantovan, Robert SauerAbstractA theory that the economic benefits of volunteering are contingent on social class (as defined by similarities in labour market situation) is tested using seven waves of longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Study gathered between 1996 and 2008 and fixed-effects models. Volunteering has a positive effect on earnings, but it is confined to people in professional and managerial occupations. Employees in white and blue collar jobs do not benefit. The study suggests that inco...
Source: Social Science Research - October 11, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
School suspension and social selection: Labeling, network change, and adolescent, academic achievement
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Scott W. Duxbury, Dana L. HaynieAbstractThe growing body of research detailing the pronounced effects of criminal stigma on inequality in the US underscores the importance of labeling theory. In spite of the renewed interest in labeling, little research has evaluated the theoretical mechanisms underlying the theory. Drawing on the labeling perspective, this article evaluates mechanisms underlying the relationship between school punishment and reductions in adolescent academic achievement. It uses recent innovations in longitudinal ne...
Source: Social Science Research - October 9, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Race/ethnicity, human capital, and the selection of young children into early childhood education
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Robert W. Ressler, Elizabeth Ackert, Arya Ansari, Robert CrosnoeAbstractMexican-origin families face complex ethnic and immigration-based barriers to enrollment in early childhood education programs. As such, reducing barriers to enrollment for this population requires a better understanding of how Mexican-origin families work with, against, or around both general and group-specific constraints on educational opportunities. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort, this study tailored broad social theory to the exp...
Source: Social Science Research - October 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The role of parenthood in shaping the gender wage gap – A comparative analysis of 26 European countries
Publication date: Available online 26 September 2019Source: Social Science ResearchAuthor(s): Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska, Anna LovaszAbstractWe use cross-national data on 26 EU countries to estimate how parenthood contributes to the gender wage gap, and assess how institutional elements affect this relationship. We find that irrespective of cultural norms and policies, fathers receive a wage premium, which increases the gender gap. Motherhood gaps vary across countries. The highest gaps are seen in Eastern European countries, where policies and norms lead to long absences from work. Moderate to small penalties are found in Co...
Source: Social Science Research - September 27, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
