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Multivariate statistical analysis of morpho-anatomical data of nine sect. Caulopterae species (Baccharis – Asteraceae) used in folk medicine
Abstract Baccharis species belonging to sect. Caulopterae are difficult to identify. Most countries are controlling the quality of herbal medicines destined for the internal market or export. "Carquejas" are used arbitrarily for the same medicinal purposes and only three species of sect. Caulopterae are official herbal medicines. In the present study, a morpho-anatomical and statistical analysis was performed with nine species of sect. Caulopterae: Baccharis articulata, B. crispa, B. gaudichaudiana, B. microcephala, B. penningtonii, B. phyteumoides, B. sagittalis, B. triangularis and B. trimera, emphasizing the importance ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Morphoanatomical and histochemical characterization of Larrea species from Northwestern of Argentina
Abstract Larrea divaricata Cav., L. cuneifolia Cav. and L. nitida Cav., Zygophyllaceae, are evergreen xerophytic shrubs occurring in Northwestern Argentina used in traditional medicine. The aim of this work was to characterize the morphology, anatomy and histochemistry of the vegetative organs of three Larrea species by light and scanning electron microscopy in order to provide supporting data for their correct identification and to determine the site of synthesis and accumulation of its main active compounds. The shape, number and percentage of coalescence of leaflets, presence or absence of mucrones and rachis and the sh...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Leaf morphoanatomy of "mororó" (Bauhinia and Schnella, Fabaceae)
Abstract Bauhinia L. and Schnella (Raddi.) Wund. are popularly known in Brazil as "moror ó". The leaves and stem bark are used in folk medicine for various purposes, especially against diabetes. Morphoanatomical studies of the leaves of Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud., B. pentandra (Bong.) Steud., B. ungulata L. and Schnella outimouta (Aublet) Wund., tribe Cercidae, subtribe Bauhini inae (Benth.) Walp., were carried out as subsidies to the quality control of their etnodrugs and their derivatives, as well as an additional support to their taxonomy. The morphological and anatomical studies employed traditional techniques...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Evaluation of anxiolytic-like effect of 7-epiclusianone isolated from Garcinia brasiliensis in mice
ABSTRACT Garcinia brasiliensis Mart., Clusiaceae, species became the target of studies for some years because it has several compounds including polyprenylated benzophenones, as 7-epiclusianone. This benzophenone has several properties, such as leishmanicidal, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, however still did not be studied anxiolytic activity. For this, the open field and elevated plus maze tests were used in order to evaluate the effect of administration of 7-epiclusianone (isolated from G. brasiliensis) on behavioral performance. Swiss male mice (n = 10 per group) were pre-treated with vegetable oil (10 m...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anti-angiogenic activity of iridoids from Galium tunetanum
ABSTRACT The phytochemical study of Galium tunetanum Lam., Rubiaceae, leaves led to the isolation of 13 compounds from the chloroform – methanol and the methanol extracts, including six iridoid glycosides, one non-glycoside iridoid, two p-coumaroyl iridoid glycosides, two phenolic acids, and two flavonoid glycosides. The structural determination of the isolated compounds was performed by mono- and bidimensional NMR spectroscopic data, as well as ESI-MS experiments. All compounds were isolated from this species for the first time. The anti-angiogenic effects of the isolated iridoids were also reported on new blood vessels...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Fingerprint and multi-ingredient quantitative analyses for quality evaluation of hawthorn leaves and Guang hawthorn leaves by UPLC–MS
ABSTRACT This paper aimed to evaluate the quality of hawthorn leaves and Guang hawthorn leaves by an UPLC – MS method from two aspects, fingerprint analysis and multi-ingredient quantification. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an UPLC system, the standardized characteristic fingerprints was established by Similarity Evaluation System for chromatographic fingerprinting of traditional Chinese medicine and cluster analysis. Eight components were simultaneously determined by mass spectrometry in multiple reaction-monitoring mode. The method was validated in terms of linearity (R2> 0.9971), intraday and interd...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Phytochemical analysis of Juglans regia oil and kernel exploring their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials utilizing combined bio-guided GC–FID, GC–MS and HPLC analyses
ABSTRACT Juglans regia L., Juglandaceae, is broadly used due to its immunomodulatory effects, potentials in protecting against many sever-disorders, and high safety-profile. The aim of this work is to make a phytochemical analysis of J. regia oil and kernel exploring their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials utilizing combined bio-guided gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GC – MS), gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC – FID) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP – HPLC) analyses. Combined bio-guided GC – MS, GC – FID and RP – HPLC analyses is an inn...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Nests of “caba-leão” wasps (Sceliphron sp., Sphecidae) used in traditional medicine by riverine communities of the Jaú and Unini Rivers, Amazon, Brazil: ethnopharmacological, chemical and mineralogical aspects
ABSTRACT This research contributes to the study of substances present in homemade remedies used by the riverine communities of the Amazon, which are the result of insect – mineral – vegetable oil-interaction. The results of the analyses show the main components (inorganic and organic components) of the “ caba-le ão ” wasps nests (Sceliphron sp., Sphecidae) used by “ caboclos ” as a topical medication to treat mumps and earaches. The ethnopharmacological data collection consisted of samples of wasps nests and soil, as a source of inorganic elements, from the Ja ú and Unini Rivers, in the River Negro basin, A...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

β-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin promotes reactive oxygen species production in HCT116 colon cancer cells, leading to caspase-mediated apoptosis
ABSTRACT Although β -hydroxyisovalerylshikonin is suggested as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing various cancers, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. In the present study, we investigated whether β -hydroxyisovalerylshikonin enhances apoptosis by triggering reactive oxygen species production in colon cancer HCT116 cells. β -Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin significantly inhibited the viability of HCT116 cells with maximum inhibition at 4 µM. Furthermore, treatment with β -hydroxyisovalerylshikonin subsequently increased sub-G1 cells and annexin-V+ cell population. Additionally, pretr...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Bioactive dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives from the root extract of Calea urticifolia
ABSTRACT Calea urticifolia (Mill.) DC., Asteraceae, is a native plant of the Yucatan Peninsula used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation and pain. The bioassay-guided purification of the ethanol root extract allowed the isolation of the main bioactive metabolites, which were identified as an inseparable mixture of thymol (1) and 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol (2), together with 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (3), 3,4-O-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid methyl ester (4), 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid methyl ester (5) and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (6). The results showed that the analgesic activity detected in t...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

New flavone and other compounds from Tephrosia egregia: assessing the cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines
ABSTRACT The organic extracts from stems, roots and leaves of Tephrosia egregia Sandwith, Fabaceae, provided a new flavone, 5-hydroxy-8-(1",2"-epoxy-3"-hydroxy-3"-methylbutyl)-7-methoxyflavone (1), in addition to eleven known compounds: pongaflavone (2), praecansone B (3), 12a-hydroxyrotenone (4), praecansone A, 2',6'-dimethoxy-4',5'-(2",2"-dimethyl)-pyranochalcone, pongachalcone, maackiain, β -sistosterol and its glucoside, p-cumaric acid and cinnamic acid. The structures of all compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS, involving comparison with literature data. C...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Antioxidant activity evaluation of dried herbal extracts: an electroanalytical approach
ABSTRACT The prevention of chronic and degenerative diseases, is a health concern deeply associated with oxidative stress. Such progressive phenomena can be avoided through exogenous antioxidant intake, which set up a reductant cascade, mopping up damaging free radicals. Medicinal herbs are commonly associated with high antioxidant potential, and hence their health benefits. The commerce of dried herbal extracts movements a big portion of developing countries economy. The determination of medicinal herbs the antioxidant activity capacity is of utmost importance. The assessment of antioxidant activity in phytotherapics is m...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Lipoxygenase inhibitors flavonoids from Cyperus rotundus aerial parts
ABSTRACT Cyperus rotundus L. (Suada, Sueda, family: Cyperaceae) is vastly spread in several world's subtropical and tropical regions. It had variable traditional uses and bioactivities. A new flavonol derivative: cyperaflavoside (myricetin 3,3',5'-trimethyl ether 7-O- β -D-glucopyranoside) and five flavonoids: vitexin, orientin, cinaroside, quercetin 3-O- β -D-glucopyranoside, and myrcetin 3-O- β -D-glucopyranoside were separated from the methanolic extract of C. rotundus aerial parts. Their structures were verified based on UV, IR, NMR (1D and 2D), HRESIMS, and comparison with literature. All metabolites were assessed ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Optimization for extraction of an oil recipe consisting of white pepper, long pepper, cinnamon, saffron, and myrrh by supercritical carbon dioxide and the protective effects against oxygen–glucose deprivation in PC12 cells
This study is to investigate the most efficient extractives of extracting oil recipe for stroke treatment and the protective effects on an oxygen and glucose deprivation model in PC12 cells. An orthogonal experimental design L9 (34) was carried out for oil recipe's optimization with supercritical CO2 fluid extraction. 2-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were conducted to evaluate cell activity and indexes in the cell lysate. The result showed that the optimum extraction condition was 30 Mpa, 50 ºC, 100 min, the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography – ...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity of Campomanesia adamantium
ABSTRACT Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg., Myrtaceae, is a plant popularly used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal and urinary antiseptic activities. The aims of this study were to obtain the crude ethanolic extract and the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, aqueous and concentrated aqueous tannin fractions from C. adamantium leaves, perform biomonitored fractionation to isolate and identify chemical compounds, study the chemical composition of the volatile oils of the leaves and flowers and test the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract, fractions, isolated substances and volatile oils. P...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia - July 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research