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Assessment of concordance between diffusion of carbon monoxide through the lung using the 10 s breath-hold method, and the simultaneous NO/CO technique, in healthy participants
ConclusionIn healthy participants, discrepancies between DLCO measured during the double diffusion and DLCO measured on an apnoea of 10 seconds are quite large. It may be an indication that the Roughton and Forster interpretation to describe this type of measurements is inadequate. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 23, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Expression of IL-1β, HMGB1, HO-1, and LDH in malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Kun-Ming Wu, Wen-Kuei Chang, Chih-Hao Chen, Yu Ru KouAbstractIL-1β, HMGB1, HO-1, and LDH in the pleural effusions (PE) of patients with transudative, infectious, and malignant etiologies were determined using ELISA and enzymatic assays. IL-1β, HMGB1, HO-1, and LDH showed significant differences between the three etiologies. Post-hoc analysis revealed higher levels of HO-1 and HMGB1 in infectious versus transudative effusion. Higher levels of IL-1β were found in infectious versus transudative or malignant effusion. T...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 20, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Effect of temperature, age and the pons on respiratory rhythm in the rat brainstem-spinal cord
This study examined the effect of age (P0-P5) and the pons on respiratory-related output during hypothermic ventilatory arrest and recovery using a brainstem-spinal cord preparation of neonatal rats. As temperature fell, burst frequency slowed, burst duration increased, burst shape became fragmented and eventually respiratory arrest occurred in all preparations. Removing the pons had little effect on younger preparations (P0-P2). Older preparations (P4-P5) with the pons removed continued to burst at cooler temperatures compared to pons-intact preparations and burst durations were significantly longer. Episodic breathing pa...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 20, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Six-week inspiratory resistance training ameliorates endurance performance but does not affect obesity-related metabolic biomarkers in obese adults: A randomized controlled trial
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Yu-Chi Kuo, Hui-Lin Chang, Ching-Feng Cheng, Toby Mündel, Yi-Hung LiaoAbstractThis investigation examined the effects of a six-week inspiratory resistance training (IRT) on metabolic health biomarkers, pulmonary function, and endurance in obese individuals. Twenty-eight obese adults (BMI > 27 kg/m2 Taiwan obesity criteria) were randomly assigned to either IRT (IRT; N = 16) or sham control (PLA; N = 12). The training parameters (twice/day; 3 days/week; 30 breaths/section; IRT: 55% PImax [maximal inspirato...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 18, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Physiological and perceptual responses to exercise according to locus of symptom limitation in COPD
In conclusion, reporting breathlessness as the primary exercise-limiting symptom indicated the presence of distinct lung pathophysiology and symptom perception during exercise in people with COPD. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 18, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Methodology and reliability of respiratory muscle assessment
This study assessed the test-retest reliability of two RME-test methodologies. Fifteen healthy adults attended the laboratory on four occasions, separated by 5 ± 2 days, and completed each test in a random, “one on two” order. They performed spirometry testing, maximal respiratory pressure assessment and two different RME tests: an inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB) and an isocapnic hyperpnea endurance (IHE) test. Typical error, expressed as coefficient of variation, for IRB maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and IHE maximal ventilation were 12.21 (8.85-19.67) % and 10.73 (7.78-17.29) %, respectively. Intraclas...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 18, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Intermittent hypoxia, energy expenditure, and visceral adipocyte recovery
ConclusionOur hypothesis that IH would decrease EE was not corroborated. However, IH and normoxic recovery seem to promote severity-dependent enlargement of visceral adipocytes, likely reflecting altered energy preservation mechanisms induced by IH. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 17, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during a mental attention task: the role of breathing-specific heart rate
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Jacopo P. Mortola, Domnica Marghescu, Rosmarie Siegrist-Johnstone, Elizabeth MatthesAbstractIt is known that a mental attention task (MAT) can modify the magnitude of the increase in instantaneous heart rate (HR) with inspiration, or Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA). Here, we asked whether the RSA changes were mediated by the changes in HR, breathing frequency (f) or HR/f (‘breathing specific heart rate’). This latter reflects the degree of coupling between pulmonary blood and air flows, the optimization of which...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 17, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: December 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, Volume 270Author(s): (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 17, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Postnatal changes in O2 and CO2 sensitivity in rodents
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Yvonne A. Dzal, Ryan J. Sprenger, William K. MilsomAbstractIn rodents, the ventilatory responses to hypoxia (low O2) and hypercarbia (high CO2) change significantly over postnatal development. In hypoxia, most adult rodents increase ventilation and decrease metabolism to some degree. Hypercarbia, however, leads to an increase in ventilation with little, to no change in metabolism. Neonates, on the other hand, respond to hypoxia with a profound metabolic depression, and a severely attenuated ventilatory response. In hyp...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 16, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Mechanistic actions of oxygen and methylxanthines on respiratory neural control and for the treatment of neonatal apnea
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Lisa Mitchell, Peter M. MacFarlaneAbstractApnea remains one of the most concerning and prevalent respiratory disorders spanning all ages from infants (particularly those born preterm) to adults. Although the pathophysiological consequences of apnea are fairly well described, the neural mechanisms underlying the etiology of the different types of apnea (central, obstructive, and mixed) still remain incompletely understood. From a developmental perspective, however, research into the respiratory neural control system of ...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 16, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Time and dose-dependent impairment of neonatal respiratory motor activity after systemic inflammation
Publication date: Available online 12 October 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Nina R. Morrison, Stephen M. Johnson, Austin D. Hocker, Rebecca S. Kimyon, Jyoti J. Watters, Adrianne G. HuxtableAbstractNeonatal respiratory impairment during infection is common, yet its effects on respiratory neural circuitry are not fully understood. We hypothesized that the timing and severity of systemic inflammation is positively correlated with impairment in neonatal respiratory activity. To test this, we evaluated time- and dose-dependent impairment of in vitro fictive respiratory activity. Systemic inflammati...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 14, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Targeting oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and toll like receptor 4 by empagliflozin to ameliorate bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis
In conclusion, empagliflozin may be used prophylactically to prevent pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 9, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Lung air trapping lowers respiratory arousal threshold and contributes to sleep apnea pathogenesis in COPD patients with overlap syndrome
ConclusionsHigh loop gain and particularly low arousal threshold seem important contributors to OSA pathogenesis and severity in patients with COPD. Recognizing in COPD patients these features as key traits may open avenues for personalized medicine in the field of overlap syndrome. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 4, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Obstructions in the lower airways lead to altered airflow patterns in the central airway
Publication date: Available online 1 October 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Daniel S. Hariprasad, Bora Sul, Chang Liu, Kenneth T. Kiger, Talissa Altes, Kai Ruppert, Jaques Reifman, Anders WallqvistAbstractA characteristic feature of obstructive lung diseases is the narrowing of small airways, which affects regional airflow patterns within the lung. However, the extent to which these patterns differ between healthy and diseased states is unknown. To investigate airflow patterns in detail, we first used particle image velocimetry measurements to validate a large eddy simulation model of flow in a...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - October 2, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research